Research

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2023

Resource Year Topic
National Advisory Committee 2023 Fall Meeting, Nov. 16, 2023
Andrew Houtenville, University of New Hampshire Discussant for Panel on Data Collection Efforts for the Disability Community
Type: Presentation
 2023 Demographics, Health, Measurement
Social Security Disability Beneficiaries Who Earn Above the Substantial Gainful Activity Level
This data brief presents statistics on the characteristics and employment experiences of SSI and DI beneficiaries who earn more than SGA for at least…
Type: Data Brief
 2023 Measurement
Barriers and Communications Preferences of Rural Populations: A Scoping Review
Henly, M., Paul, S., Brucker, D.L., Houtenville, A., Nye-Lengerman, K., & Bach, S. (2023, July). Michigan Retirement and Disability Research…
Type: Data Report
 2023 Community Living
Mathematica 2023 Compendium of Disability Data Collection Methods
An easily accessible source of research on the methodological issues associated with collecting data from or about people with disabilities.
Type: Other
 2023 Measurement
COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Hesitancy Reasons of US and NH Workers Across Work Settings
Presented by Nathan Thomas at the 2023 CSTE conference on June 27, 2023.
Type: Presentation
 2023 Demographics, Measurement
Economic Vulnerabilities of People with Disabilities
Presented by Nathan Thomas at the 2023 CSTE conference on June 27, 2023.
Type: Presentation
 2023 Demographics, Measurement
Employment Barriers Experienced at Different Job Acquisition Stages
Presented by Erica Jablonski at the 2023 NARRTC Conference on April 25, 2023
Type: Presentation
 2023 Employment, Measurement
Role of SSA Disability Programs in the COVID Pandemic: SSDI/SSI and Poverty
Presented by Hyun Ju Kim at the 2023 NARRTC Conference on April 25, 2023
Type: Presentation
 2023 Demographics, Measurement
Food Insecurity and Disability
Presented by Megan Henly at the 2023 NARRTC Conference on April 25, 2023
Type: Presentation
 2023 Food Sufficiency
Annual Disability Statistics Collection Presentation
Presented by Shreya Paul at the National Disability Finance Coalition's Disability Finance Webinar on March 22, 2023.
Type: Presentation
 2023 Demographics, Measurement
A Statistical Understanding of Disability in the LGBT Community
Surfus, C.R. (2023) Statistics and Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/2330443X.2023.2188056
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2023 Demographics, Health, Measurement
Spatial distributions in disaster risk vulnerability for people with disabilities in the U.S.
Harrati, A., Bardin, S., Mann, D.R. (2023) International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103571
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2023 Community Living
Labor shortage, remote work boosted employment of people with disabilities
Dr. Andrew Houtenville and the nTIDE Report featured in article about the boosted employment of people with disabilities.
Type: News article
 2023 Employment

2022

Resource Year Topic
Comparing Effects of Question Set Order and Location within a Survey Instrument of Two Commonly Used Disability Question Sets Among U.S. Adults
Brucker, D.L. (2022) Disability and Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101424
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2022 Measurement
Aging with a Disability and Aging into Disability: Examining Health Outcomes in Rural and Non-Rural Communities (Poster)
Presented by Megan Henly at the 2022 APHA Conference
Type: Other
 2022 Community Living, Health
Remote work opened some doors to workers with disabilities. But others remain shut
Dr. Andrew Houtenville and the Institute on Disability featured in NPR article on the effects of Long COVID and requests for workplace accommodations…
Type: News article
 2022 Employment
Disabled Americans Reap Remote-Work Reward in Record Employment
News article in Bloomberg US Edition featuring nTIDE data.
Type: News article
 2022 Employment
Doses on Demand program brings COVID-19 vaccines to residents' homes
Dr. Andrew Houtenville and the Disability Statistics Compendium featured in NPR article on mobile vaccines provided in Virginia.
Type: News article
 2022 Community Living, Health
Looking For Talent? Find Out How To Hire Disabled Workers
Great article in Forbes online featuring quotes from Andrew Houtenville, John O’Neil, and nTIDE data.
Type: News article
 2022 Employment
Americans Aging With Disabilities Are More Likely to Have Multiple Chronic Conditions
Brucker, D. L., Lauer, E., & Boege, S. (2022). Journal of Disability Policy Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221107079
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2022 Demographics, Health
COVID-19 Impact on Disability, LGBTQ+, and Employment
Authored by Chris R. Surfus and presented at the ASPA Annual Conference in March 2022.
Type: Presentation
 2022 Employment
COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Hesitancy Among People with Disabilities Poster
Co-authored by Shreya Paul and Andrew Houtenville and presented at the NAARTC conference in Washington DC on April 27, 2022
Type: Presentation
 2022 Health
Employment, Disability Status, and Job Quality Poster
Co-authored by Debra Brucker and Megan Henly and presented at the NAARTC conference in Washington DC on April 27, 2022
Type: Presentation
 2022 Employment

2021

Resource Year Topic
Polacsek, M., Meuser, T., Brucker, D., & Moran, A., (2020). Food Security Status and Food Purchasing Behaviors: findings from a sample of Maine residents during the covid-19 pandemic. University of New England.
Data Report
Type: Data Report
 2021 Food Sufficiency
Changes in the Employment Status of People with and Without Disabilities in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Houtenville, A., Paul, S., & Brucker, D., (2021) Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabiliation. DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.019
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2021 Employment
Brucker, D., & Helms Garrison, V., (2021) Health disparities among Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income beneficiaries who participate in federal rental housing assistance programs. Disability and Health Journal, 14(3).
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101098.
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2021 Health
Houtenville, A., Phillips, K., & Sundar, V., (2021). Usefulness of Internet Surveys to Identify People with Disabilities: A Cautionary Tale, Journal of Survey Statistics & Methodology, 9(2), 285-308.
DOI: 10.1093/jssam/smaa045
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2021 Measurement
Phillips, K., Wishengrad, J., Houtenville, A., (2021). Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Among All-Payer Claimants With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. American J Intellect Dev Disabil, 126 (3): 203–215.
DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-126.3.203
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2021 Health
Houtenville, A. & Paul, S., (2021). Research Brief: COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine hesitancy among work-age beneficiaries of the Social Security Administration disability programs and Medicare. Durham, NH, University of New Hampshire, IOD.
Research Brief
Type: Data Brief
 2021 Health
Houtenville, A., Paul, S., & Brucker, D. (2021). Changes in the employment status of people with and without disabilities in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 102(7), 1420-1423.
DOI: S0003-9993(21)00300-2
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2021 Employment
Hill, A., Shin, E., &Hyde, J., (2021). Access to care and health insurance coverage for workers with disabilities: Outcomes by state-level responses to the ACA. Disability and Health Journal, 14(3):101099
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101099
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2021 Employment
Henly, M. (2021). Functioning expectations and worker abilities: Using the Work Disability-Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB) to understand whre job duty expectations cannot be met.
Oral Presentation at the Michigan Retirement and Disability Research Center (MRDRC) Research Conference, online.
Type: Presentation
 2021 Employment

2020

Resource Year Topic
How to Increase Employment and Income of People with Disabilities During the Recovery from the COVID19 Pandemic: 10 Ideas
One group likely to be a target of options to support the recovery from the COVID19 recession is those with significant disabilities and chronic…
Type: Other
 2020 Employment
Mitra, S., Brucker, D., & Jajtner, K., (2020). Wellbeing at older ages: Towards an inclusive and multidimensional measure. Disability and Health Journal, 13(4).
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100926
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2020 Health
Brucker, D., & Sundar, V., (2020). Job Crafting Among American Workers with Disabilities. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30. 575-587.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09889-9
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2020 Employment
Henly, M. & Brucker, D., (2020). More than just lower wages: intrinsic job quality for college graduates with disabilties. Journal of Education and Work, 33(5-6), 410-424.
DOI: 10.1080/13639080.2020.1842865
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2020 Employment
Houtenville, A. and Rafal, M. (2020). Annual Report on People with Disabilities in America: 2020. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Conference, February 2021
Type: Data Report
 2020 Demographics
Ottomanelli, L., Goetz, L., O’Neill, J., Lauer, E., & Dyson-Hudson, T., (2020). 30 years after the ADA: Perspectives on employment for persons with Spinal Cord Injury, Physical Medical Rehabilitation Clinics of North America,31(3), 499-513.
DOI:10.1016/j.pmr.2020.04.007
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2020 Employment
Boege, S.L., Lauer, E.A., & Houtenville, A.J., (2020). 2018 County Reports. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability
Released at Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Event
Type: Data Report
 2020 Demographics
Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Supplement: 2020. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Conference
Type: Data Report
 2020 Demographics
Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A. (2020). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2020. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Conference
Type: Data Report
 2020 Demographics
Paul, S., Rafal, M., & Houtenville, A., (2020). 2019 County Reports. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at Annual Disability Compendium Event
Type: Data Report
 2020 Demographics
Markesich, J., Feldman, S., & Rafferty, W., (2020). Compendium of Disability Data Collection Methods.
The Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics (StatsRRTC) has created the Compendium of Disability Data…
Type: Data Report
 2020 Measurement

2019

Resource Year Topic
Phillips, K., Houtenville, A., O'Neill, J., & Katz, E., (2019). The effectiveness of employer practices to recruit, hire, and retain employees with disabilities: Supervisor perspectives. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 51(3), 339-353.
DOI: 10.3233/JVR-191050
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2019 Employment
Lauer, E. A., Henly, M., & Brucker, D., (2019). Prescription opioid behaviors among adults with and without disabilities - United States, 2015-2016. Disability Health Journal, 12(3), 519-522.
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.12.001
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2019 Health
Sevak, P., (2019, February). The impact of ACA Medicaid expansions on the employment of persons with disabilities.
Mathematica Center for Studying Disability Policy Forum.
Type: Webinar
 2019 Employment
Hill, A., (2019, February). Trends in health insurance for workers with disabilities.
Mathematica Center for Studying Disability Policy forum, Webinar.
Type: Webinar
 2019 Employment
O’Neill, J. & Katz, E., (2019, February). Kessler Foundation National Employment Disability Survey—supervisor perspectives.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Baughman, R., (2019, February). Employment incentives in SSDI: lessons from the VA Disability Program.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Tansey, T., (2019, February). Case study on the inclusion of people with disabilities in a manufacturing setting.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Stapleton, D., (2019, February). Employment/eligibility services system.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Ben-Shalom, Y., (2019, February). Opportunities for early intervention to avoid prolonged work disability.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Rogers, S.E., (2019, February). Employment interventions and services for individuals with psychiatric disabilities: past, present, and future.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Houtenville, A., O’Neill, J. & Katz, E., (2019, February). National Trends in Disability Employment (nTIDE).
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Henly, M., (2019, February). Job quality among workers with disabilities.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C. Feb. 2019
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Moon, N. & Harris, F., (2019, February). Contingent employment of individuals with disabilities.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Houtenville, A., (2019, February). Long term employment trends.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Sevak, P., (2019, February). The impact of ACA Medicaid expansions on the employment of persons with disabilities.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Kennedy, J., (2019, February). Health insurance, disability program enrollment and employment – a summary of current/recent work by the collaborative on health reform and independent Living (CHRIL).
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Schimmel-Hyde, Jody., (2019, February). Trends in health insurance for workers with disabilities. Presentation.
EPM-RRTC State of the Science Event, Washington, D.C.
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Henly, M., & Brucker, D., (2019, March). Satisfaction with intrinsic qualities of work among college graduates with disabilities.
Eastern Sociological Society Annual Meeting, Boston, MA
Type: Presentation
 2019 Employment
Stapleton, D., Ben-Shalom, Y., and Mann, D., (2019). Development of an Employment/Eligibility Services (EES) System. Washington, DC: SSDI Solutions Initiative. Fiscal Institute-Committee for a Responsible Fed Budget.
SSDI Solutions Initiative. Fiscal Institute-Committee for a Responsible Fed Budget.
Type: Data Report
 2019 Employment
Stapleton, D., & Ben-Shalom, Y. & Mann, D., (2019, May). Phased Development of a Modern Gateway for Disability Benefits Mathematica Policy Research Reports; Mathematica Policy Research.
In 2015, we proposed an Employment/Eligibility Service (EES) system that would serve as a new gateway to Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI…
Type: Data Brief
 2019 Employment

2018

Resource Year Topic
Brucker, D.L., (2018, April). Disability employment statistics. U.S. Department of Labor, Disability Employment Initiative project leads administrative meeting.
Webinar, Durham, NH, April 2018
Type: Webinar
 2018 Employment
Schimmel-Hyde, J., (2018, June). The impact of ACA Medicaid expansions on the employment of adults with disabilities.
Academy Health Disability Research Interest Group Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA., June 2018
Type: Presentation
 2018 Employment
Sevak, P., (2018, June). The Impact of ACA Medicaid Expansions on the Employment of Adults with Disabilities.
Poster, American Society of Health Economists Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA.
Type: Other
 2018 Employment
Mann, D.R., (2018, October). Do short-term changes in funding improve vocational rehabilitation outcomes? evidence from the ARRA.
National Council on Rehabilitation Education Fall Conference, Arlington, VA., October 2018
Type: Presentation
 2018 Employment
Sevak, P., (2018, November). The impact of ACA Medicaid expansions on the employment of persons with disabilities.
Association for Public Policy and Management Fall Research Meeting, Washington, DC., November 2018
Type: Presentation
 2018 Employment
Brucker, D.L. (2018, November). Job quality among Americans with disabilities.
Association for Public Policy and Management Fall Research Meeting, Washington, DC, November 2018
Type: Presentation
 2018 Employment
Morrison, Katie; Thornton, Rayna; Gould-Werth Alix; Ben-Shalom Yonatan (2018). When do employers provide accommodations to employees with health problems? Qualitative evidence from Arkansas.
Roosevelt House Faculty Journal, April 5, 2018
Type: Data Report
 2018 Employment
Gould-Werth, A., Morrison, K. & Ben-Shalom, Y., (2018). Employers’ perspectives on accommodating and retaining employees with newly acquired disabilities: an exploratory study. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28, 611-633.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9806-6
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Bourbonniere, A. M., & Mann, D. R., (2018). Benefit Duration and Return to Work Outcomes in Short Term Disability Insurance Programs: Evidence from Rhode Island's Temporary Disability Insurance Program. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28, 597-607
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9796-4 This is the corrected publication.
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Ben-Shalom, Y., & Schimmel Hyde, J., (Eds.) (2018) Special Journal Volume: Opportunities for early intervention to avoid prolonged work disability – Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28(4).
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9813-7
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Lauer, E. A., & Houtenville, A., (2018). Annual Disability Statistics Supplement: 2017. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Event
Type: Data Report
 2018 Demographics
Kraus, L, Lauer, E. A., Coleman, R., & Houtenville, A., (2018). Disability Statistics Annual Report: 2017. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Event
Type: Data Report
 2018 Demographics
Lauer, E. A., & Houtenville, A., (2018). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2017. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Event
Type: Data Report
 2018 Demographics
Sundar, V., O’Neil, J., Houtenville, A., Phillips, K., Keirns, T., Smith, A., & Katz, E., (2018). Striving to work and overcoming barriers: Employment strategies and successes of people with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 48(1), 93-10
DOI: 10.3233/JVR-170918
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Mann, D., & Croake, S., (2018). Learning from State Vocational Rehabilitation Agency variation on the eve of WIOA: State differences in service receipt and employment outcomes by employment status at application. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 48(3
DOI: 10.3233/JVR-180945
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Lauer, E. A., & Houtenville, A., (2018). Estimates of prevalence, demographic characteristics and social factors among people with disabilities in the USA: a cross-survey comparison. British Medical Journal Open, 8(2), e017828.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017828.
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Measurement
Reichard, A., Stransky, M., Brucker, D., & Houtenville, A., (2018). The relationship between employment and health and health care among working-age adults with and without disabilities in the United States. Journal of Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(19
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1465131.
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment, Health
Brucker, D., & Rollins, N., (2018). The association of commuting time and wages for American workers with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 50(1), 13-21.
DOI: 10.3233/JVR-180984.
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Sundar, V, & Brucker, D., (2018). Personal and Organization Determinants of Job Satisfaction for Workers with Disabilities. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 62(3). 170-179.
DOI: 10.1177/0034355218770272
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2018 Employment
Lauer, E., & Coleman, R., (2018). Characterizing the Effect of Proxy on the Association between Disability and Social Determinants of Health.
Presented at APHA Annual Meeting, November 10, 2018.
Type: Presentation
 2018 Health

2017

Resource Year Topic
Phillips, K., Houtenville, A., & Sundar, V., (2017). Random-digit dial versus web panel: Employment survey sample comparison
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 2017, Washington, DC
Type: Presentation
 2017 Measurement
Phillips, K., Houtenville, A., & Sundar, V., (2017). Random-digit dial, web panel and web convenience sample: Employment survey sample comparison.
NARRTC Annual Meeting, April 2017, Alexandria, VA.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Measurement
Mann, R., (2017). Rhode Island’s Temporary Disability Insurance Program: An exploratory outcomes analysis.
Center for Studying Disability Policy Issue Forum, February 2017, Princeton, NJ.
Type: Other
 2017 Employment
Mann, D., (2017). Learning from state vocational rehabilitation agency variation on the eve of WIOA: State differences in service receipt and employment outcomes by employment status at application.
NARRTC Annual Meeting, April 2017, Alexandria, VA.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Employment
Sevak, Purvi; Schimmel Hyde, Jody; Kehn, Matthew (2017). Repealing or replacing the ACA’s provisions: How would adults with disabilities fare? Roosevelt House Faculty Journal.
Roosevelt House Faculty Journal, May 4, 2017
Type: Data Brief
 2017 Demographics
Sevak, P., & Rosenbluth, S., (2017). Time-limited benefits before permanent SSDI disability benefits. Roosevelt House Faculty Journal
Roosevelt House Faculty Journal, May 4, 2017
Type: Data Report
 2017 Demographics
Anand, P., & Ben-Shalom, Y., (2017). The promise of better economic outcomes for workers with musculoskeletal conditions
Roosevelt House Faculty Journal, May 4, 2017.
Type: Data Brief
 2017 Employment
Dooha, S., (2017). Advocating with disability statistics in NYC. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017
Kraus, L., (2017). Using local disability statistics in California. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Demographics
Vandergoot, D., & Connelly, J., (2017). WIOA measures and effectiveness. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Employment
Ben-Shalom, Y., (2017). Are SSDI beneficiaries entering the rolls sooner and staying longer? StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Demographics
O’Neill, J., & Houtenville, A., (2017). Monthly trends in the employment of people with disabilities. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC., February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Employment
Botticello, A., (2017). The disability belt. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Demographics
Wittenburg, D., (2017). Comparing SSDI Earnings in surveys and administrative record. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Employment
Mann, D., (2017). Using administrative data to explore the employment and benefit receipt outcomes of Vocational Rehabilitation applicants years after program exit. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Employment
Brucker, D., (2017). Studying housing policy with link survey and administrative data. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Conference, February 13, 2017
Type: Presentation
 2017 Demographics
Chandler, J., (2017). Pilot survey using web-based follow up panel. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017
Type: Presentation
 2017 Measurement
Lauer, E. A., (2017). Identifying people with disabilities in federal surveys. StatsRRTC State-of-the-Science Conference, Washington, DC, February 13, 2017.
StatsRRTC State of the Science Conference, February 13, 2017
Type: Presentation
 2017 Demographics
Kraus, L. and Soliday, S., (2017). Including People with Disabilities in County Health Efforts – The First Step: Data. NACCHO Annual 2017
NACCHO Annual: Bridging Clinical Medicine and Population Health , Pittsburgh, PA, July 11-13, 2017.
Type: Presentation
 2017 Health
Ben-Shalom, Y., Stapleton, D., & Bryce, A., (2017) Trends in SSDI benefits receipts: are more recent birth cohorts entering sooner and receiving benefits longer? Princeton, NJ: Mathematica.
We provide the first available statistics on the extent to which successive birth cohorts have entered Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI),…
Type: Data Report
 2017 Demographics

2016

Resource Year Topic
Matulewicz, H., (2016). When Every Dollar Counts: Comparing Reported Earnings of Social Security Disability Program Beneficiaries in Survey and Administrative Records.
August 2016, Chicago, IL.
Type: Presentation
 2016 Demographics
Phillips, K., & Houtenville, A., (2016). Toward better disability items on national surveys.
2016 Joint Statistical Meetings, August 2016, Chicago, IL.
Type: Presentation
 2016 Measurement
Stapleton, D., Ben-Shalom, Y., & Mann, D., (2016). Modernizing the gateway to disability benefits. Published in Mathematica Center for Studying Disability Policy Research InFocus Brief. June 2016.
The report of the McCrery-Pomeroy Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) Solutions Initiative emphasizes the importance of near-term investments…
Type: Data Brief
 2016 Demographics
Kraus, L., (2016). The 2016 Disability Statistics Annual Report: A review of the trends and state level data. NARRTC 38th Annual Conference, Alexandria, VA
May 3-4, 2016
Type: Presentation
 2016 Measurement
Lauer, E. A., & Houtenville, A., (2016). Integrating the aging and disability focus of the ACL using statistics from national surveys. NARRTC 38th Annual Conference, Alexandria, VA
May 3-4, 2016
Type: Presentation
 2016 Measurement
Clemons, A., Ford, L., & Vandergoot, D. (2016). The CRP Cost Study: Evaluating the True Cost of CRP Services, Presented in Richmond, VA
September 1, 2016
Type: Presentation
 2016 Community Living
Chandler, J., (2016). A feasibility study of recruiting and maintaining a web panel of people with disabilities. Joint Statistical Meetings, American Statistical Association. Chicago, Illinois
July 30-August 4, 2016
Type: Presentation
 2016 Measurement
Houtenville, A., & Lauer, E. A., (2016). Comparing prevalence estimates for people with disabilities in national surveys: 2009-2014. Joint Statistical Meetings, American Statistical Association, Chicago, Illinois
July 30-August 4, 2016
Type: Presentation
 2016 Measurement
Mann, D., (2016). Using administrative data to explore the employment and benefit receipt outcomes of Vocational Rehabilitation applicants years after program exit. Summit on Performance Management in Vocational Rehabilitation, Richmond, VA
September 7-8, 2016
Type: Presentation
 2016 Employment
Lauer, E. A., & Houtenville, A., (2016). Prevalence estimates of disability types across national surveys. 144th APHA Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, October 29-November 2, 2016.
144th APHA Annual Meeting. Denver, Colorado, October 29-November 2, 2016.
Type: Presentation
 2016 Measurement
Houtenville, A., Brucker, D., & Lauer, E. A., (2016). Annual Compendium of Disability Statistics: 2015. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium
Type: Data Report
 2016 Demographics
Sundar, V., & Houtenville, A., (2016). Current trends in employment of individuals with disabilities: Emerging role of occupational therapists. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70(4 Supp.)
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.70S1-PO3052
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2016 Employment
Burkhauser, R., Larrimore, J., & Lyons, S., (2016). Measuring health insurance benefits: The case of people with disabilities. Contemporary Economic Policy, 35(3), 439-456.
DOI: 10.1111/coep.12213
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2016 Demographics
Mann, D., & Honeycutt, T., (2016). Understanding the disability dynamics of youth: Health condition and limitation changes for youth and their influence on longitudinal survey attrition. Demography, 53(3), 749-776.
DOI: 10.1007/s13524-016-0469-7
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2016 Measurement
Brucker, D., & Rollins, N., (2016). Trips to medical care among persons with disabilities: Evidence from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey. Disability and Health Journal, 9(3), 539-543.
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.01.001
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2016 Transportation
Sundar, V., Brucker, D., Chang, H., & Pollack, M., (2016). Community and social participation among adults with mobility impairments: A mixed methods study. Disability and Health Journal, 9(4), 682-691.
DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.05.006
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2016 Community Living

2015

Resource Year Topic
Houtenville, A., Sundar, V., & Rollins, N., (2015). Role of environmental & socio-demographic characteristics on independent living function among community living adults with disabilities.
The 37th Annual NARRTC Conference, Washington, DC, May 1, 2015.
Type: Presentation
 2015 Community Living
Houtenville, A., & Wang, L., (2015). The distribution of “returns to education” for people with early-onset disabilities.
The 37th Annual NARRTC Conference, Washington, DC, May 1, 2015.
Type: Presentation
 2015 Education
Reichard, A., (2015). RRTC employment and health paper.
The 37th Annual NARRTC Conference, Washington, DC, May 1, 2015.
Type: Presentation
 2015 Employment, Health
Brucker, D., (2015). Food security among transition age youth with disabilities.
The 37th Annual NARRTC Conference, Washington, DC, May 1, 2015.
Type: Presentation
 2015 Food Sufficiency
Lauer, E. A., & Houtenville, A., (2015). The distribution of prevalence estimates of people with disabilities across national surveys.
The 37th Annual NARRTC Conference, Washington, DC, May 1, 2015.
Type: Presentation
 2015 Measurement
Goodman, N., & Morris, M., (2015). Financing transition services when everyone is the “payer of last resort”.
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.1046.4408
Type: Data Report
 2015 Demographics
Livermore, G., & Honeycutt, T., (2015). Employment and economic well-being of people with and without disabilities before and after the Great Recession. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2), 70-79.
DOI:10.1177/1044207315583875
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
Brucker, D., Mitra, S., Chaitoo, N., & Mauro, J., (2015). More likely to be poor whatever the measure: Working-age persons with disabilities in the United States. Social Science Quarterly, 96(1), 273-296.
DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12098
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
Denny-Brown, N., O’Day, B., & McLeod, S., (2015). Staying employed: services and supports for workers with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2) 124-131.
DOI:10.1177/1044207315583899
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
O’Neill, J., Mamun, A., Potamites, E., Fong, C., & Cordoso, E., (2015). Return to work of disability insurance beneficiaries who do and do not access state vocational rehabilitation agency services. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2), 111-123.
DOI: 10.1177/1044207315583900
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
Ben-Shalom, Y., & Mamun, A., (2015). Return-to-work outcomes among Social Security Disability Insurance program beneficiaries. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2) 100-110.
DOI:10.1177/1044207315583874
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
Mann, D., & Wittenburg, D., (2015). Starting behind: wage and employment differentials between young adults with and without disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2), 89-99
DOI:10.1177/1044207315583898
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
Sevak, P, Houtenville, A., & Brucker, D., (2015). Individual characteristics and the disability employment gap. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2), 80-88.
DOI: 10.1177/1044207315585823
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2015 Employment
Livermore, G., & Honeycutt, T., (2015). Employment and economic well-being of people with and without disabilities before and after the Great Recession. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2), 70-79.
DOI:10.1177/1044207315583875
 2015 Employment
Ben-Shalom, Y., & Wittenburg, D., (2015). Working toward success: current evidence on employment outcomes for people with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(2), 67-69
DOI: 10.1177/1044207315583873
 2015 Employment
Kraus. L., (2015). American Community Survey. 2015 ADA Symposium, Atlanta, GA
May 12, 2015
Type: Presentation
 2015 Measurement
O’Neill, J, Mack, M., Ryan, T., Clemons, A., Ladinsky, J., & Connelly, J., (2015). Performance measurement: Contribution of DOL’S Workforce Data Quality Improvement (WDQI) projects. 8th Annual Summit: Performance Management in Vocational Rehabilitation, S
September 10-11, 2015
Type: Presentation
 2015 Measurement
Jones, C., (2015). Disability and employment: research, policy, and practice. Webinar,
April 28, 2015
Type: Webinar
 2015 Employment
Powers, S., (2015). Striving for work and overcoming barriers – employment of people with disabilities on the 25th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Webinar
July 21, 20215
Type: Webinar
 2015 Employment
Gould, P., (2015). Improving employment opportunities and outcomes for people with disabilities: implementation of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. Webinar
September 29, 2015
Type: Webinar
 2015 Employment

2014

Resource Year Topic
Wittenburg, D., (2014). Employment policy: Past and present findings.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Mizrahi, J., Stapleton, D., & Wittenburg, D., (2014). Implementation of WIOA: Lessons from Research on Employment.
RespectAbility Webinar, October 7, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Wittenburg, D., (2014). Implications of Social Security Disability Insurance Work Incentive Simplification Approaches.
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Research Annual Conference, Albuquerque, NM, November 7, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Wittenburg, D., (2014). Concluding Summary for Fourth Annual Research-to-Policy Roundtable.
Presenter at University of New Hampshire Statistics Fourth Annual Research-to-Policy Roundtable, Washington, DC, December 5, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014
Sundar, V., (2014). Collecting information in workplace accommodations, modifications, and ongoing supports.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Measurement
Schimmel-Hyde, J., (2014). The impact of waiting for VR services on federal disability benefit application and receipt.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Schimmel-Hyde, J., (2014). The Availability of Federal/State Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) Services and Subsequent Claiming and Receipt of Federal Disability Benefits.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Livermore, G., & Honeycutt, T., (2014). Employment and economic well-being of people with disabilities before and after the Great Recession.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014. Fall Conference of…
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Houtenville, A., & Wittenburg, D., (2014). Past & present findings: rehabilitation research and training center on employment policy and measurement (EPM-RRTC).
State of the Science Conference: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap. Bethesda, MD. April 8, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Honeycutt, T., & Wittenburg. D., (2014) Provider networks of youth receiving Supplemental Security Income: Evidence from the Youth Transition Demonstration.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Goodman, N., (2014). Use of the Earned Income Tax Credit among people with disabilities.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Ben-Shalon,Y & Mamun, A., (2014). Return-to-work outcomes among SSDI beneficiaries.
State-of-the-Science: Advancing Evidence-Based Practices and Policies to Close the Employment Gap, Bethesda, MD, April 8-9, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Ben-Shalom, Y. & Mamun, A., (2014). Return-to-work outcomes among Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries.
Presented at the Center for Studying Disability Policy Forum, Washington, DC, September 17, 2014, AND the State of the Science Conference: Advancing…
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Schimmel-Hyde, J., & Livermore, G., (2014). Gaps in timely access to care among workers by disability status: Will the ACA change the landscape?
ASHE Fifth Biennial Conference, Los Angeles, CA, June 25, 2014.
Type: Other
 2014 Employment
Denny-Brown, N., Mamun, A., & O’Neill, J., (2014). Getting a job, keeping a job: Services and supports that promote employment among people with disabilities.
Panel presented at Center for Studying Disability Policy Forum, Washington, DC September 17, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Employment
Brucker, D., (2014). Multidimensional poverty and safety net participation.
Stanford Center for Poverty and Inequality New Scholars conference, Stanford, CA, October 3, 2014.
Type: Presentation
 2014 Demographics
Goodman, N., & Morris, M., (2013). Making change with incremental steps: Modifying adverse incentives to serving people with disabilities in the TANF program.
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.3763.9207
Type: Data Report
 2014 Demographics
Morris, M., & Goodman, N., (2014). Impact of the work requirement in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) on low-income working-age people with disabilities.
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2322.1287
Type: Data Report
 2014 Food Sufficiency
Livermore, G., Wittenburg, D., & Neumark, D., (2014). Finding alternatives to disability benefit receipt. Journal of Labor Policy, 3(1), 1-9.
DOI: 10.1186/2193-9004-3-14
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2014 Demographics
Schimmel-Hyde, J., & Livermore, G., (2014). Gaps in timely access to care among workers by disability status: Will the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reforms change the landscape? Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 26(4), 221-231.
DOI: 10.1177/1044207314542005
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2014 Employment

2013

Resource Year Topic
Ben-Shalom, Y. & Mamun, A., (2013). Return-to-work efforts among new Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries.
Academy Health Annual Research Meeting, Baltimore, June 22, 2013.
Type: Presentation
 2013 Employment
Schimmel-Hyde, J., (2013). Waiting for VR Services and Implications for Disability Benefit Application and Receipt.
National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers Conference, Alexandria, VA, April 18, 2013.
Type: Presentation
 2013 Employment
Schimmel-Hyde, J., & Livermore, G., (2013). Trends in Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Workers with Disabilities, 1997-2011.
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Fall Research Conference, Washington, DC, November 7, 2013.
Type: Presentation
 2013 Employment
Mann, D., (2013). Building the Bridge to a 21st Century Disability Policy.
National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers Annual Conference, Alexandria, VA, April 2013.
Type: Presentation
 2013 Measurement
Mamun, A. & Ben-Shalom, Y., (2013). Return-to-work efforts among new Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries.
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Fall Research Conference, Washington, DC, November 9, 2013. National Association of…
Type: Presentation
 2013 Employment
Wittenburg, D., (2013). Creativity, measurement, and knowledge dissemination: Addressing challenges to implementing evidence-based practices.
Keynote address at the Annual Vocational Rehabilitation Summit, Providence, RI, September 16, 2013.
Type: Presentation
 2013 Measurement
Honeycutt, T., & Wittenburg, D., (2013). Connecting the dots: Tracking provider use in the Youth Transition Demonstration (YTD).
National Association of Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers Conference, Alexandria, VA, April 18, 2013.
Type: Presentation
 2013
Brucker, D. & Houtenville, A., (2013). Living on the edge: Estimating the potential impact of reductions in Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income benefits on beneficiaries.
Association of Public Policy Analysis and Management annual conference, Washington, DC.
Type: Presentation
 2013 Measurement
Ben-Shalom, Y., & Mamun, A., (2013). Return-to-work outcomes among Social Security Disability Insurance program beneficiaries.
Mathematica Working Paper
Type: Data Report
 2013 Employment
Morris, M., Goodman, N., & Brucker, D., (2013). Use of the Earned Income Tax Credit among people with disabilities.
This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Institutes, Centers and Programs at University of New Hampshire Scholars'…
Type: Data Report
 2013 Employment
Morris, M., & Goodman, N., (2013). Creating change with incremental steps: Enhancing opportunities for early work experience.
DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.4812.4963
Type: Data Report
 2013 Employment
Wittenburg, D., Mann, D., & Thompkins, A., (2013). The disability system and programs to promote employment for people with disabilities. Journal of Labor Policy, 2(1), 1-25.
DOI: 10.1186/2193-9004-2-4
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2013 Employment
Lauer, E. A., Houtenville, A., & Ruiz, A., (2013). Disability surveillance using national household surveys in the United States: Where have we been and where are we going? Social Dimensions of Health Institute, University of Dundee, Scotland
March 25, 2013
Type: Presentation
 2013 Measurement
Houtenville, A., Lauer, E.A., Reichard, A., Lauer, E., & Bonardi, A. (2013). Health of people with intellectual disabilities: Can it be surveilled through existing data? 141st APHA Annual Meeting, Boston, MA
November 2-6, 2013
Type: Presentation
 2013 Health
Houtenville, A., & Ruiz, T., (2013). 2013 Annual Compendium of Disability Statistics. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.
Released at the Annual Disability Statistics Compendium Event
Type: Data Report
 2013 Demographics
Groomes, D., Stensrud, R., & Vandergoot, D., (2013). Promoting effective data interpretation of customer satisfaction by state rehabilitation councils. Journal of Rehabilitation Administration, 37(2), 109-114.
Article not available online.
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2013 Measurement
Houtenville, A., & Brucker, D., (2013). Participation in safety-net programs and the utilization of employment services among working-age persons with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 25(2), 91-105.
DOI: 10.1177/1044207312474308
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2013 Employment
Wittenburg, D., Mann, D., & Thompkins, A., (2013). The disability system and programs to promote employment for people with disabilities. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2:4.
DOI:10.1186/2193-9004-2-4
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2013 Employment
Vandergoot, D., & Bruinekool, M., (2013). Consumer satisfaction with VR services. Journal of Rehabilitation Administration, 37(2), 73-78.
Article not available online
Type: Peer-reviewed publication
 2013 Employment

2012

Resource Year Topic
Houtenville, A., & Brucker, D., (2012). Safety net and employment services participation for low-income working age persons with disabilities.
State-of-the-Science conference/StatsRRTC, Bethesda, MD.
Type: Presentation
 2012 Employment
O’Day, B., Mann, D., Stapleton, D., & Buckland, K., (2012). The Transition to 21st Century Disability Policy in an Era of Fiscal Austerity: A Road Map.
Webinar forum sponsored by the Center for Studying Disability Policy, Washington, DC, January 20, 2012.
Type: Presentation
 2012 Measurement
Livermore, G., Honeycutt, T., & Martin, F., (2012). Obstacles and opportunities: The U. S. economy, state VR programs, and SSDI beneficiaries.
Center for Studying Disability Policy Research Forum, Washington, DC, October 4, 2012.
Type: Presentation
 2012 Employment
Livermore, G., (2012). Employment and economic well-being of people with disabilities before and after the Great Recession.
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Fall Meeting, Washington, DC, November 8, 2012. Center for Studying Disability Policy Research…
Type: Presentation
 2012 Employment
Stapleton, D., & Mann, D., (2012). A disability policy for the 21st century. The Hill’s Congress Blog, January 19, 2012.
January 19, 2012.
Type: Data Brief
 2012 Demographics
Mann, D., & Wittenburg, D., (2012).: Back to work: recent SSA employment demonstrations for people with disabilities.
This issue brief summarizes short-term impacts from four large scale- demonstration projects by the Social Security Administration designed to…
Type: Data Brief
 2012 Employment
Mann, D., & Stapleton, D., (2012). A roadmap to a 21st century disability policy.
Despite decades of increases in program participation and spending, the disability support infrastructure in the United States and the economic…
Type: Data Brief
 2012 Employment

2011

Resource Year Topic
Livermore, G., Houtenville, A., Stapleton, D., & Imparato, A., (2011). Federal spending for people with disabilities: continuing societies commitment while reducing the deficit.
Center for studying Disability Policy Research Forum, Washington, DC, June 8, 2011.
Type: Presentation
 2011 Measurement
Houtenville, A., & Brucker, D., (2011). Safety net program participation and employment activities among working-age persons with disabilities.
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Annual Conference, Washington, DC, November 3-5, 2011
Type: Presentation
 2011 Employment
Houtenville, A., & Brucker, D., (2011). Program participation after job loss and the role of disability.
Southern Economic Association Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, November 19-21, 2011.
Type: Presentation
 2011 Employment
Houtenville, A., & Brucker, D., (2011). Safety net program participation for working-age persons with disabilities.
Mathematica Policy Forum Webinar Number 15: Federal Spending for People with Disabilities: Continuing Society's Commitment While Reducing the…
Type: Presentation
 2011 Employment
Stapleton, D., & Wittenburg, D., (2011). The SSDI trust fund: New solutions to an old problem.
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) the main federal program providing cash assistance to workers with disabilities is facing a major fiscal…
Type: Data Brief
 2011 Education
Stapleton, D., & Livermore, G., (2011). Costs, cuts, and consequences: Charting a new course for working-age people with disabilities.
SEPTEMBER 2011 • NUMBER 11-0
Type: Data Brief
 2011 Employment
Mann, D., & Stapleton, D., (2011). Fiscal austerity and the transition to twenty-first century disability policy: A road map.
This project includes seven research studies to support University of New Hampshire’s Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Employment…
Type: Data Report
 2011 Demographics