This section presents statistics on employment in the United States. Data are presented for people with disabilities, people without disabilities, and the relative ratio (RR) in percentage employed between these two populations. A relative ratio (RR) is a measure that is used to show how much more likely something is observed between two different groups. See the full definition in the glossary.
The source of these data is the American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau). For these tables, statistics for people with disabilities (disability status or disability type) are based on having responded ‘yes’ to a series of questions within the American Community Survey. Definitions on employment/employment status and employment to population ratio can be found in the glossary.
For expanded statistics, please go to the Annual Disability Statistics Build Your Own Statistics site at https://www.researchondisability.org/annual-disability-statistics-collection.
Tables
Employment to Population Ratio
Tables 3.1: In 2024, of the 22,566,000 individuals with disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 10,485,000 individuals were employed (46.5%). In contrast, of the 180,103,000 individuals without disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 143,373,000 individuals were employed (79.6%). The percentage of people with disabilities employed was highest in South Dakota/SD, 59.9% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 31.7%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.482 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without disabilities). Table 3.1 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.2: In 2024, of the 4,025,000 individuals with hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,401,000 individuals were employed (59.7%). In contrast, of the 198,644,000 individuals without hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 151,457,000 individuals were employed (76.2%). The percentage of people with hearing disabilities employed was highest in Idaho/ID, 76.8% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 33.1%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without hearing disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.544 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without hearing disabilities). Table 3.2 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.3: In 2024, of the 4,395,000 individuals with vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,326,000 individuals were employed (52.9%). In contrast, of the 198,273,000 individuals without vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 151,532,000 individuals were employed (76.4%). The percentage of people with vision disabilities employed was highest in Iowa/IA, 67.1% and lowest in District of Columbia/DC, 34.1%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without vision disabilities was District of Columbia/DC, with a relative ratio of 0.435 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without vision disabilities). Table 3.3 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.4: In 2024, of the 11,002,000 individuals with cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 4,492,000 individuals were employed (40.8%). In contrast, of the 191,666,000 individuals without cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 149,365,000 individuals were employed (77.9%). The percentage of people with cognitive disabilities employed was highest in South Dakota/SD, 53.6% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 22.1%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without cognitive disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.35 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without cognitive disabilities). Table 3.4 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.5: In 2024, of the 8,516,000 individuals with ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,614,000 individuals were employed (30.7%). In contrast, of the 194,152,000 individuals without ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 151,243,000 individuals were employed (77.9%). The percentage of people with ambulatory disabilities employed was highest in Utah/UT, 40.5% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 22.5%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without ambulatory disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 0.291 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without ambulatory disabilities). Table 3.5 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.6: In 2024, of the 3,345,000 individuals with self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 597,000 individuals were employed (17.9%). In contrast, of the 199,324,000 individuals without self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 153,260,000 individuals were employed (76.9%). The percentage of people with self-care disabilities employed was highest in Connecticut/CT, 28.7% and lowest in Maine/ME, 9.1%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without self-care disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 0.116 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without self-care disabilities). Table 3.6 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.7: In 2024, of the 8,107,000 individuals with independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,006,000 individuals were employed (24.7%). In contrast, of the 194,562,000 individuals without independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 151,851,000 individuals were employed (78%). The percentage of people with independent living disabilities employed was highest in Colorado/CO, 37.5% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 9.5%. The state with the greatest disparity in employment of people with and without independent living disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.15 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in employment between those with and without independent living disabilities). Table 3.7 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Table 3.8: In 2024, people with disabilities were 0.4% more likely to be employed, when compared to the previous year. Table 3.8 Change in Employment Percentage - Civilians Ages 18 to 64 Years, with a Disability, Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023 to 2024
Labor Force Participation
Tables 3.9: In 2024, of the 22,566,000 individuals with disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 11,642,000 individuals were in the labor force (51.6%). In contrast, of the 180,103,000 individuals without disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 149,582,000 individuals were in the labor force (83.1%). The percentage of people in the labor force with disabilities was highest in South Dakota/SD, 63.0% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 35.5%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.496 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without disabilities). Table 3.9 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.10: In 2024, of the 4,025,000 individuals with hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,538,000 individuals were in the labor force (63.1%). In contrast, of the 198,644,000 individuals without hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 158,686,000 individuals were in the labor force (79.9%). The percentage of people in the labor force with hearing disabilities was highest in Idaho/ID, 78.4% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 36.9%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without hearing disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.555 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without hearing disabilities). Table 3.10 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.11: In 2024, of the 4,395,000 individuals with vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,540,000 individuals were in the labor force (57.8%). In contrast, of the 198,273,000 individuals without vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 158,683,000 individuals were in the labor force (80%). The percentage of people in the labor force with vision disabilities was highest in Vermont/VT, 71.1% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 40.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without vision disabilities was West Virginia/WV, with a relative ratio of 0.576 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without vision disabilities). Table 3.11 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.12: In 2024, of the 11,002,000 individuals with cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 5,182,000 individuals were in the labor force (47.1%). In contrast, of the 191,666,000 individuals without cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 156,042,000 individuals were in the labor force (81.4%). The percentage of people in the labor force with cognitive disabilities was highest in Colorado/CO, 58.2% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 26.0%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without cognitive disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.378 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without cognitive disabilities). Table 3.12 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.13: In 2024, of the 8,516,000 individuals with ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,923,000 individuals were in the labor force (34.3%). In contrast, of the 194,152,000 individuals without ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 158,300,000 individuals were in the labor force (81.5%). The percentage of people in the labor force with ambulatory disabilities was highest in New Hampshire/NH, 42.9% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 24.7%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without ambulatory disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 0.308 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without ambulatory disabilities). Table 3.13 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.14: In 2024, of the 3,345,000 individuals with self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 709,000 individuals were in the labor force (21.2%). In contrast, of the 199,324,000 individuals without self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 160,514,000 individuals were in the labor force (80.5%). The percentage of people in the labor force with self-care disabilities was highest in Connecticut/CT, 32.2% and lowest in Maine/ME, 9.7%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without self-care disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 0.12 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without self-care disabilities). Table 3.14 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.15: In 2024, of the 8,107,000 individuals with independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,421,000 individuals were in the labor force (29.9%). In contrast, of the 194,562,000 individuals without independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 158,803,000 individuals were in the labor force (81.6%). The percentage of people in the labor force with independent living disabilities was highest in Colorado/CO, 43.5% and lowest in Puerto Rico/PR, 11.9%. The state with the greatest disparity in labor force participation of people with and without independent living disabilities was Puerto Rico/PR, with a relative ratio of 0.172 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in labor force participation is between those with and without independent living disabilities). Table 3.15 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Table 3.16: In 2024, people with disabilities were 1.1% more likely to be in the labor force, when compared to the previous year. Table 3.16 Change in Labor Force Participation Percentage - Civilians Ages 18 to 64 Years, with a Disability, Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023 to 2024
Unemployment Rate
Tables 3.17: In 2024, of the 11,642,000 individuals with disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 1,157,000 individuals were unemployed (9.9%). In contrast, of the 149,582,000 individuals without disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 6,210,000 individuals were unemployed (4.2%). The unemployment rate of people with disabilities was highest in District of Columbia/DC, 19.5% and lowest in Wyoming/WY, 3.7%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without disabilities was North Dakota/ND, with a relative ratio of 6.359 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without disabilities). Table 3.17 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.18: In 2024, of the 2,538,000 individuals with hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 137,000 individuals were unemployed (5.4%). In contrast, of the 158,686,000 individuals without hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 7,229,000 individuals were unemployed (4.6%). The unemployment rate of people with hearing disabilities was highest in Alaska/AK, 14.7% and lowest in North Dakota/ND, 0.4%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without hearing disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 2.699 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without hearing disabilities). Table 3.18 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.19: In 2024, of the 2,540,000 individuals with vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 215,000 individuals were unemployed (8.4%). In contrast, of the 158,683,000 individuals without vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 7,151,000 individuals were unemployed (4.5%). The unemployment rate of people with vision disabilities was highest in District of Columbia/DC, 36.2% and lowest in Montana/MT, 0.4%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without vision disabilities was District of Columbia/DC, with a relative ratio of 7 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without vision disabilities). Table 3.19 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.20: In 2024, of the 5,182,000 individuals with cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 690,000 individuals were unemployed (13.3%). In contrast, of the 156,042,000 individuals without cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 6,676,000 individuals were unemployed (4.3%). The unemployment rate of people with cognitive disabilities was highest in District of Columbia/DC, 23.7% and lowest in Montana/MT, 5.3%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without cognitive disabilities was North Dakota/ND, with a relative ratio of 8.691 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without cognitive disabilities). Table 3.20 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.21: In 2024, of the 2,923,000 individuals with ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 309,000 individuals were unemployed (10.6%). In contrast, of the 158,300,000 individuals without ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 7,057,000 individuals were unemployed (4.5%). The unemployment rate of people with ambulatory disabilities was highest in District of Columbia/DC, 20.9% and lowest in Wyoming/WY, 1.2%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without ambulatory disabilities was North Dakota/ND, with a relative ratio of 5.614 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without ambulatory disabilities). Table 3.21 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.22: In 2024, of the 709,000 individuals with self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 112,000 individuals were unemployed (15.8%). In contrast, of the 160,514,000 individuals without self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 7,254,000 individuals were unemployed (4.5%). The unemployment rate of people with self-care disabilities was highest in Hawaii/HI, 39.4% and lowest in New Hampshire/NH, 0.0%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without self-care disabilities was Hawaii/HI, with a relative ratio of 11.796 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without self-care disabilities). Table 3.22 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Tables 3.23: In 2024, of the 2,421,000 individuals with independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 415,000 individuals were unemployed (17.1%). In contrast, of the 158,803,000 individuals without independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 6,951,000 individuals were unemployed (4.4%). The unemployment rate of people with independent living disabilities was highest in District of Columbia/DC, 28.8% and lowest in Montana/MT, 3.2%. The state with the greatest disparity in unemployment rate of people with and without independent living disabilities was Maine/ME, with a relative ratio of 8.284 (the further this value is from 1.00, the greater the disparity in unemployment rate is between those with and without independent living disabilities). Table 3.23 Unemployment Rate - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
Table 3.24: In 2024, people with disabilities were 6.8% more likely to be in the labor force, when compared to the previous year. Table 3.24 Change in Unemployment Rate - Civilians Ages 18 to 64 Years, with a Disability, Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023 to 2024
Table 3.1 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.1 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
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| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with disability employed over the percentage of people without disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.1). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.2 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.2 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
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| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with hearing disability employed over the percentage of people without hearing disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.3 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.3 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
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| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with vision disability employed over the percentage of people without vision disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.3). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.4 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.4 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
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| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with cognitive disability employed over the percentage of people without cognitive disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.4). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.5 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.5 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with ambulatory disability employed over the percentage of people without ambulatory disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.5). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.6 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.6 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with self-care disability employed over the percentage of people without self-care disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.6). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.7 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.7 Employment to Population Ratio - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability.Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with independent disability employed over the percentage of people without independent disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.7). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.8 Change in Employment Percentage - Civilians Ages 18 to 64 Years, with a Disability, Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023 to 2024
| Table 3.8 Change in Employment Percentage - Civilians Ages 18 to 64 Years, with a Disability, Living in the Community for the United States and States: 2023 to 2024 | |||||
| U.S. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||
| Alaska | |||||
| Arizona | |||||
| Arkansas | |||||
| California | |||||
| Colorado | |||||
| Connecticut | |||||
| Delaware | |||||
| District of Columbia | |||||
| Florida | |||||
| Georgia | |||||
| Hawaii | |||||
| Idaho | |||||
| Illinois | |||||
| Indiana | |||||
| Iowa | |||||
| Kansas | |||||
| Kentucky | |||||
| Louisiana | |||||
| Maine | |||||
| Maryland | |||||
| Massachusetts | |||||
| Michigan | |||||
| Minnesota | |||||
| Mississippi | |||||
| Missouri | |||||
| Montana | |||||
| Nebraska | |||||
| Nevada | |||||
| New Hampshire | |||||
| New Jersey | |||||
| New Mexico | |||||
| New York | |||||
| North Carolina | |||||
| North Dakota | |||||
| Ohio | |||||
| Oklahoma | |||||
| Oregon | |||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||
| Rhode Island | |||||
| South Carolina | |||||
| South Dakota | |||||
| Tennessee | |||||
| Texas | |||||
| Utah | |||||
| Vermont | |||||
| Virginia | |||||
| Washington | |||||
| West Virginia | |||||
| Wisconsin | |||||
| Wyoming | |||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate.The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with disabilities employed in 2024 over the percentage of people with disabilities employed in 2023. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.8). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||
Table 3.9 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.9 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with disability employed over the percentage of people without disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.9). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.10 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.10 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with hearing disability employed over the percentage of people without hearing disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.10). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.11 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.11 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||
| Kentucky | |||||||||||||
| Louisiana | |||||||||||||
| Maine | |||||||||||||
| Maryland | |||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | |||||||||||||
| Michigan | |||||||||||||
| Minnesota | |||||||||||||
| Mississippi | |||||||||||||
| Missouri | |||||||||||||
| Montana | |||||||||||||
| Nebraska | |||||||||||||
| Nevada | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | |||||||||||||
| New Jersey | |||||||||||||
| New Mexico | |||||||||||||
| New York | |||||||||||||
| North Carolina | |||||||||||||
| North Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Ohio | |||||||||||||
| Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
| Oregon | |||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | |||||||||||||
| Rhode Island | |||||||||||||
| South Carolina | |||||||||||||
| South Dakota | |||||||||||||
| Tennessee | |||||||||||||
| Texas | |||||||||||||
| Utah | |||||||||||||
| Vermont | |||||||||||||
| Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Washington | |||||||||||||
| West Virginia | |||||||||||||
| Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
| Wyoming | |||||||||||||
| Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
| Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (2024), are subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with vision disability employed over the percentage of people without vision disability employed. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in employment percentage. | |||||||||||||
| *Estimate either unavailable or too few sample observations. | |||||||||||||
| Citation: Thomas, N., Kingsbury, S., Lansing J., & Houtenville, A. (2026). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2026 (Table 3.11). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. | |||||||||||||
Table 3.12 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024
| Table 3.12 Labor Force Participation - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community by Employment Status for the United States and States: 2024 | |||||||||||||
| U.S. | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | |||||||||||||
| Alaska | |||||||||||||
| Arizona | |||||||||||||
| Arkansas | |||||||||||||
| California | |||||||||||||
| Colorado | |||||||||||||
| Connecticut | |||||||||||||
| Delaware | |||||||||||||
| District of Columbia | |||||||||||||
| Florida | |||||||||||||
| Georgia | |||||||||||||
| Hawaii | |||||||||||||
| Idaho | |||||||||||||
| Illinois | |||||||||||||
| Indiana | |||||||||||||
| Iowa | |||||||||||||
| Kansas | |||||||||||||