This section presents statistics on poverty in the United States. Statistics are presented for people with disabilities, people without disabilities, and the relative difference (relative ratio) in poverty percentage between these two populations.
The source of these statistics is the American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau). For these tables, statistics for people with disabilities (disability status or disability type) are based on having responded ‘yes’ to a series of questions within the American Community Survey. Poverty is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and set as a dollar threshold by the U.S. Census Bureau (see the glossary for details).
For expanded statistics, please go to the Annual Disability Statistics Build Your Own Statistics site at https://www.researchondisability.org/collection/2025/build-stats.
Tables
Table 6.1: In 2023, of the 22,158,000 individuals with disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 5,358,000 individuals were living in poverty (24.2%). In contrast, of the 177,483,000 individuals without disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 17,616,000 individuals were living in poverty (9.9%). The percentage of people with disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 48.5% and lowest in Utah/UT, 17.2%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without disabilities was the District of Columbia/DC, with a relative ratio of 3.466 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with disabilities and those without disabilities). Table 6.1 Poverty - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.2: In 2023, of the 4,041,000 individuals with hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 737,000 individuals were living in poverty (18.2%). In contrast, of the 195,600,000 individuals without hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 22,238,000 individuals were living in poverty (11.4%). The percentage of people with hearing disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 46.5% and lowest in New Hampshire/NH, 8.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without hearing disabilities was Rhode Island/RI, with a relative ratio of 2.855 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with hearing disabilities and those without hearing disabilities). Table 6.2 Poverty - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.3: In 2023, of the 4,270,000 individuals with vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 1,091,000 individuals were living in poverty (25.6%). In contrast, of the 195,372,000 individuals without vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 21,883,000 individuals were living in poverty (11.2%). The percentage of people with vision disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 48.9% and lowest in Rhode Island/RI, 12.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without vision disabilities was Vermont/VT, with a relative ratio of 3.696 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with vision disabilities and those without vision disabilities). Table 6.3 Poverty - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.4: In 2023, of the 10,666,000 individuals with cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,932,000 individuals were living in poverty (27.5%). In contrast, of the 188,976,000 individuals without cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 20,042,000 individuals were living in poverty (10.6%). The percentage of people with cognitive disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 53.8% and lowest in Delaware/DE, 19.9%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without cognitive disabilities was New Hampshire/NH, with a relative ratio of 4.179 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with cognitive disabilities and those without cognitive disabilities). Table 6.4 Poverty - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.5: In 2023, of the 8,621,000 individuals with ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,499,000 individuals were living in poverty (29%). In contrast, of the 191,020,000 individuals without ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 20,476,000 individuals were living in poverty (10.7%). The percentage of people with ambulatory disabilities living in poverty was highest in the District of Columbia/DC, 55.1% and lowest in New Hampshire/NH, 18.0%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without ambulatory disabilities was the District of Columbia/DC, with a relative ratio of 5.337 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with ambulatory disabilities and those without ambulatory disabilities). Table 6.5 Poverty - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.6: In 2023, of the 3,328,000 individuals with self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 1,080,000 individuals were living in poverty (32.5%). In contrast, of the 196,314,000 individuals without self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 21,894,000 individuals were living in poverty (11.2%). The percentage of people with self-care disabilities living in poverty was highest in Alaska/AK, 55.7% and lowest in Delaware/DE, 14.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without self-care disabilities was Alaska/AK, with a relative ratio of 5.242 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with self-care disabilities and those without self-care disabilities). Table 6.6 Poverty - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.7: In 2023, of the 7,868,000 individuals with independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,384,000 individuals were living in poverty (30.3%). In contrast, of the 191,773,000 individuals without independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 20,591,000 individuals were living in poverty (10.7%). The percentage of people with independent living disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 55.4% and lowest in Delaware/DE, 23.0%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without independent living disabilities was Rhode Island/RI, with a relative ratio of 4.558 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with independent living disabilities and those without independent living disabilities). Table 6.7 Poverty - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.1 Poverty - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.1 Poverty - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.1). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |
Table 6.2 Poverty - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.2 Poverty - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with hearing disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without hearing disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |
Table 6.3 Poverty - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.3 Poverty - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with vision disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without vision disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.3). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |
Table 6.4 Poverty - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.4 Poverty - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with cognitive disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without cognitive disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.4). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |
Table 6.5 Poverty - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.5 Poverty - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with ambulatory disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without ambulatory disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.5). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |
Table 6.6 Poverty - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.6 Poverty - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with self-care disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without self-care disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.6). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |
Table 6.7 Poverty - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
Table 6.7 Poverty - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023 | |||||||||||||
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West Virginia | |||||||||||||
Wisconsin | |||||||||||||
Wyoming | |||||||||||||
Puerto Rico | |||||||||||||
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with independent living disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without independent living disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage. | |||||||||||||
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.7). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability. |