Section 6: Poverty - Compendium (2025)

This section presents statistics on poverty in the United States. Statistics are presented for people with disabilities, people without disabilities, and the relative difference (relative ratio) in poverty percentage between these two populations.

The source of these statistics is the American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau). For these tables, statistics for people with disabilities (disability status or disability type) are based on having responded ‘yes’ to a series of questions within the American Community Survey. Poverty is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and set as a dollar threshold by the U.S. Census Bureau (see the glossary for details).

For expanded statistics, please go to the Annual Disability Statistics Build Your Own Statistics site at https://www.researchondisability.org/collection/2025/build-stats.

Tables

Table 6.1: In 2023, of the 22,158,000 individuals with disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 5,358,000 individuals were living in poverty (24.2%). In contrast, of the 177,483,000 individuals without disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 17,616,000 individuals were living in poverty (9.9%). The percentage of people with disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 48.5% and lowest in Utah/UT, 17.2%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without disabilities was the District of Columbia/DC, with a relative ratio of 3.466 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with disabilities and those without disabilities). Table 6.1 Poverty - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.2: In 2023, of the 4,041,000 individuals with hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 737,000 individuals were living in poverty (18.2%). In contrast, of the 195,600,000 individuals without hearing disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 22,238,000 individuals were living in poverty (11.4%). The percentage of people with hearing disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 46.5% and lowest in New Hampshire/NH, 8.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without hearing disabilities was Rhode Island/RI, with a relative ratio of 2.855 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with hearing disabilities and those without hearing disabilities). Table 6.2 Poverty - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.3: In 2023, of the 4,270,000 individuals with vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 1,091,000 individuals were living in poverty (25.6%). In contrast, of the 195,372,000 individuals without vision disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 21,883,000 individuals were living in poverty (11.2%). The percentage of people with vision disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 48.9% and lowest in Rhode Island/RI, 12.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without vision disabilities was Vermont/VT, with a relative ratio of 3.696 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with vision disabilities and those without vision disabilities). Table 6.3 Poverty - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.4: In 2023, of the 10,666,000 individuals with cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,932,000 individuals were living in poverty (27.5%). In contrast, of the 188,976,000 individuals without cognitive disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 20,042,000 individuals were living in poverty (10.6%). The percentage of people with cognitive disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 53.8% and lowest in Delaware/DE, 19.9%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without cognitive disabilities was New Hampshire/NH, with a relative ratio of 4.179 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with cognitive disabilities and those without cognitive disabilities). Table 6.4 Poverty - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.5: In 2023, of the 8,621,000 individuals with ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,499,000 individuals were living in poverty (29%). In contrast, of the 191,020,000 individuals without ambulatory disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 20,476,000 individuals were living in poverty (10.7%). The percentage of people with ambulatory disabilities living in poverty was highest in the District of Columbia/DC, 55.1% and lowest in New Hampshire/NH, 18.0%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without ambulatory disabilities was the District of Columbia/DC, with a relative ratio of 5.337 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with ambulatory disabilities and those without ambulatory disabilities). Table 6.5 Poverty - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.6: In 2023, of the 3,328,000 individuals with self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 1,080,000 individuals were living in poverty (32.5%). In contrast, of the 196,314,000 individuals without self-care disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 21,894,000 individuals were living in poverty (11.2%). The percentage of people with self-care disabilities living in poverty was highest in Alaska/AK, 55.7% and lowest in Delaware/DE, 14.6%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without self-care disabilities was Alaska/AK, with a relative ratio of 5.242 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with self-care disabilities and those without self-care disabilities). Table 6.6 Poverty - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.7: In 2023, of the 7,868,000 individuals with independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 2,384,000 individuals were living in poverty (30.3%). In contrast, of the 191,773,000 individuals without independent living disabilities ages 18 to 64 years living in the community, 20,591,000 individuals were living in poverty (10.7%). The percentage of people with independent living disabilities living in poverty was highest in Puerto Rico/PR, 55.4% and lowest in Delaware/DE, 23.0%. The state with the greatest disparity in poverty of people with and without independent living disabilities was Rhode Island/RI, with a relative ratio of 4.558 (the further this value is from 1.000, the greater the disparity in poverty between those with independent living disabilities and those without independent living disabilities). Table 6.7 Poverty - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.1 Poverty - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.1 Poverty - Civilians with and without Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Dis. No Dis. Poverty - Dis. Poverty - No Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 22,158,000 140,000 177,483,000 139,000 5,358,000 70,000 24.2 0.3 17,616,000 151,000 9.9 0.1 2.436
Alabama 436,000 17,000 2,555,000 18,000 109,000 9,000 25.0 1.8 326,000 16,000 12.8 0.7 1.956
Alaska 59,000 8,000 371,000 9,000 14,000 3,000 24.3 5.0 35,000 6,000 9.3 1.6 2.602
Arizona 488,000 20,000 3,841,000 21,000 114,000 10,000 23.4 1.8 398,000 20,000 10.4 0.5 2.256
Arkansas 284,000 14,000 1,500,000 14,000 80,000 8,000 28.0 2.1 180,000 13,000 12.0 0.8 2.334
California 2,117,000 37,000 21,743,000 36,000 475,000 20,000 22.4 0.8 2,143,000 48,000 9.9 0.3 2.275
Colorado 346,000 15,000 3,298,000 16,000 67,000 7,000 19.3 1.8 254,000 14,000 7.7 0.4 2.505
Connecticut 210,000 12,000 1,972,000 13,000 51,000 8,000 24.1 3.0 155,000 14,000 7.8 0.8 3.077
Delaware 72,000 8,000 518,000 8,000 13,000 3,000 17.9 4.1 46,000 7,000 8.9 1.4 2.015
District of Columbia 42,000 6,000 414,000 6,000 14,000 5,000 33.9 7.9 40,000 6,000 9.8 1.5 3.466
Florida 1,319,000 30,000 11,777,000 32,000 278,000 16,000 21.1 1.1 1,193,000 38,000 10.1 0.4 2.083
Georgia 758,000 21,000 5,881,000 21,000 157,000 10,000 20.7 1.3 655,000 28,000 11.1 0.5 1.861
Hawaii 88,000 8,000 701,000 9,000 24,000 5,000 27.2 4.5 60,000 7,000 8.6 1.0 3.164
Idaho 141,000 10,000 999,000 11,000 28,000 5,000 19.8 3.1 82,000 9,000 8.2 0.9 2.400
Illinois 761,000 25,000 6,778,000 26,000 189,000 14,000 24.8 1.5 624,000 26,000 9.2 0.4 2.695
Indiana 508,000 20,000 3,538,000 20,000 131,000 9,000 25.8 1.5 341,000 15,000 9.6 0.4 2.672
Iowa 220,000 13,000 1,647,000 14,000 50,000 7,000 22.7 2.9 149,000 14,000 9.1 0.8 2.507
Kansas 203,000 13,000 1,486,000 14,000 46,000 6,000 22.9 2.6 144,000 13,000 9.7 0.9 2.362
Kentucky 431,000 17,000 2,225,000 18,000 133,000 10,000 30.9 1.9 290,000 16,000 13.0 0.7 2.371
Louisiana 396,000 16,000 2,247,000 16,000 126,000 11,000 31.9 2.2 342,000 17,000 15.2 0.7 2.100
Maine 114,000 11,000 713,000 10,000 29,000 6,000 25.4 4.5 53,000 8,000 7.5 1.1 3.400
Maryland 350,000 14,000 3,337,000 15,000 83,000 7,000 23.7 1.8 250,000 17,000 7.5 0.5 3.170
Massachusetts 438,000 18,000 3,902,000 18,000 107,000 9,000 24.5 1.7 301,000 18,000 7.7 0.4 3.175
Michigan 749,000 20,000 5,188,000 20,000 214,000 14,000 28.6 1.6 549,000 22,000 10.6 0.4 2.703
Minnesota 319,000 15,000 3,079,000 18,000 71,000 8,000 22.1 2.1 237,000 17,000 7.7 0.5 2.874
Mississippi 259,000 12,000 1,443,000 13,000 75,000 8,000 29.0 2.4 206,000 15,000 14.3 1.0 2.029
Missouri 470,000 16,000 3,165,000 17,000 124,000 10,000 26.5 1.8 286,000 15,000 9.1 0.5 2.928
Montana 85,000 9,000 570,000 10,000 18,000 4,000 21.1 4.3 60,000 7,000 10.6 1.2 1.994
Nebraska 129,000 10,000 1,013,000 10,000 28,000 5,000 21.9 3.3 86,000 10,000 8.5 0.9 2.579
Nevada 234,000 13,000 1,687,000 13,000 51,000 7,000 21.7 2.6 161,000 12,000 9.5 0.7 2.275
New Hampshire 102,000 8,000 755,000 9,000 18,000 4,000 17.3 3.4 38,000 7,000 5.0 1.0 3.462
New Jersey 454,000 15,000 5,128,000 15,000 86,000 7,000 19.0 1.5 386,000 20,000 7.5 0.4 2.525
New Mexico 188,000 14,000 1,020,000 14,000 50,000 6,000 26.3 3.0 149,000 12,000 14.6 1.2 1.802
New York 1,191,000 29,000 10,702,000 29,000 336,000 19,000 28.2 1.4 1,152,000 31,000 10.8 0.3 2.623
North Carolina 725,000 22,000 5,703,000 22,000 178,000 11,000 24.6 1.4 572,000 22,000 10.0 0.4 2.452
North Dakota 49,000 7,000 406,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 21.6 5.2 35,000 6,000 8.6 1.4 2.513
Ohio 865,000 20,000 6,047,000 22,000 234,000 12,000 27.1 1.3 632,000 24,000 10.4 0.4 2.593
Oklahoma 370,000 14,000 1,974,000 17,000 98,000 8,000 26.4 1.9 258,000 15,000 13.1 0.7 2.022
Oregon 306,000 15,000 2,242,000 14,000 84,000 8,000 27.4 2.1 230,000 15,000 10.3 0.7 2.678
Pennsylvania 939,000 29,000 6,708,000 30,000 240,000 16,000 25.6 1.4 609,000 30,000 9.1 0.5 2.821
Rhode Island 77,000 7,000 595,000 8,000 18,000 3,000 23.7 3.3 43,000 6,000 7.2 1.1 3.292
South Carolina 400,000 15,000 2,720,000 14,000 93,000 9,000 23.2 2.0 308,000 17,000 11.3 0.6 2.053
South Dakota 54,000 7,000 467,000 8,000 14,000 3,000 25.8 4.5 48,000 7,000 10.2 1.5 2.521
Tennessee 520,000 18,000 3,734,000 19,000 129,000 10,000 24.8 1.7 403,000 19,000 10.8 0.5 2.300
Texas 1,955,000 40,000 16,440,000 41,000 431,000 19,000 22.0 0.8 1,793,000 44,000 10.9 0.3 2.020
Utah 210,000 11,000 1,841,000 11,000 36,000 5,000 17.2 2.3 152,000 12,000 8.3 0.7 2.078
Vermont 47,000 6,000 341,000 7,000 13,000 3,000 27.8 6.4 28,000 5,000 8.2 1.3 3.404
Virginia 549,000 20,000 4,608,000 22,000 112,000 9,000 20.5 1.3 380,000 18,000 8.3 0.4 2.480
Washington 555,000 20,000 4,178,000 22,000 122,000 10,000 22.0 1.6 342,000 20,000 8.2 0.5 2.695
West Virginia 175,000 12,000 839,000 11,000 60,000 7,000 34.2 3.3 113,000 9,000 13.5 1.0 2.540
Wisconsin 358,000 18,000 3,153,000 19,000 85,000 10,000 23.6 2.4 271,000 15,000 8.6 0.5 2.748
Wyoming 43,000 6,000 292,000 7,000 11,000 3,000 24.5 5.2 31,000 5,000 10.6 1.7 2.321
Puerto Rico 327,000 16,000 1,591,000 16,000 159,000 12,000 48.5 2.6 532,000 22,000 33.4 1.4 1.450
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.1). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 6.2 Poverty - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.2 Poverty - Civilians with and without Hearing Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Hearing Dis. No Hearing Dis. Poverty - Hearing Dis. Poverty - No Hearing Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 4,041,000 53,000 195,600,000 62,000 737,000 25,000 18.2 0.6 22,238,000 158,000 11.4 0.1 1.603
Alabama 80,000 8,000 2,911,000 9,000 16,000 3,000 20.0 3.6 419,000 19,000 14.4 0.6 1.388
Alaska 16,000 4,000 414,000 7,000 3,000 2,000 20.9 8.7 46,000 7,000 11.0 1.7 1.900
Arizona 89,000 8,000 4,240,000 11,000 17,000 4,000 19.5 3.5 495,000 24,000 11.7 0.6 1.667
Arkansas 53,000 5,000 1,731,000 8,000 13,000 3,000 23.6 4.9 247,000 16,000 14.3 0.9 1.654
California 377,000 14,000 23,484,000 20,000 69,000 7,000 18.4 1.6 2,548,000 50,000 10.9 0.3 1.697
Colorado 70,000 8,000 3,574,000 11,000 9,000 3,000 12.9 3.3 311,000 16,000 8.7 0.5 1.481
Connecticut 34,000 5,000 2,147,000 7,000 6,000 3,000 16.7 6.1 200,000 16,000 9.3 0.7 1.796
Delaware 12,000 3,000 577,000 5,000 1,000 1,000 9.9 8.0 58,000 8,000 10.0 1.3 0.992
District of Columbia 6,000 2,000 450,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 21.8 12.0 53,000 9,000 11.9 1.9 1.842
Florida 240,000 13,000 12,857,000 18,000 40,000 5,000 16.7 2.2 1,431,000 41,000 11.1 0.4 1.499
Georgia 130,000 9,000 6,510,000 12,000 19,000 3,000 14.8 2.4 793,000 30,000 12.2 0.5 1.212
Hawaii 19,000 5,000 770,000 7,000 4,000 2,000 21.6 8.2 80,000 9,000 10.4 1.1 2.073
Idaho 32,000 5,000 1,108,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 13.7 5.1 106,000 10,000 9.5 0.9 1.441
Illinois 127,000 10,000 7,412,000 14,000 28,000 5,000 22.1 3.4 784,000 26,000 10.6 0.4 2.092
Indiana 89,000 8,000 3,958,000 10,000 17,000 4,000 19.5 3.3 455,000 16,000 11.5 0.4 1.694
Iowa 43,000 6,000 1,823,000 8,000 7,000 3,000 15.4 5.3 193,000 15,000 10.6 0.8 1.462
Kansas 41,000 5,000 1,649,000 8,000 9,000 3,000 22.9 5.5 181,000 14,000 11.0 0.8 2.090
Kentucky 85,000 7,000 2,570,000 11,000 24,000 5,000 27.9 4.4 399,000 19,000 15.5 0.7 1.800
Louisiana 74,000 7,000 2,569,000 8,000 21,000 4,000 28.2 4.1 447,000 18,000 17.4 0.7 1.622
Maine 25,000 4,000 801,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 20.4 7.3 77,000 10,000 9.6 1.3 2.123
Maryland 53,000 6,000 3,634,000 9,000 7,000 3,000 14.2 3.9 325,000 18,000 8.9 0.6 1.586
Massachusetts 66,000 7,000 4,274,000 7,000 10,000 3,000 15.1 3.9 398,000 20,000 9.3 0.5 1.625
Michigan 122,000 10,000 5,816,000 11,000 23,000 5,000 18.7 3.0 741,000 26,000 12.7 0.5 1.469
Minnesota 63,000 6,000 3,336,000 11,000 9,000 3,000 13.8 3.5 299,000 17,000 9.0 0.5 1.539
Mississippi 41,000 5,000 1,661,000 7,000 8,000 3,000 18.7 4.8 274,000 16,000 16.5 0.9 1.136
Missouri 86,000 8,000 3,548,000 10,000 17,000 4,000 20.0 3.9 394,000 19,000 11.1 0.5 1.807
Montana 20,000 4,000 636,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 12.3 6.0 76,000 8,000 11.9 1.3 1.030
Nebraska 22,000 4,000 1,120,000 6,000 3,000 1,000 13.7 5.9 111,000 11,000 9.9 1.0 1.381
Nevada 49,000 6,000 1,872,000 7,000 10,000 3,000 20.4 5.2 201,000 14,000 10.7 0.8 1.894
New Hampshire 20,000 4,000 837,000 5,000 2,000 1,200 8.6 4.8 54,000 8,000 6.4 1.0 1.348
New Jersey 75,000 8,000 5,508,000 10,000 9,000 3,000 11.8 3.2 463,000 22,000 8.4 0.4 1.404
New Mexico 34,000 5,000 1,175,000 7,000 8,000 3,000 22.0 6.3 191,000 14,000 16.2 1.2 1.357
New York 169,000 9,000 11,724,000 13,000 33,000 5,000 19.6 2.3 1,455,000 38,000 12.4 0.3 1.580
North Carolina 146,000 9,000 6,281,000 12,000 29,000 5,000 19.7 2.8 721,000 25,000 11.5 0.4 1.713
North Dakota 14,000 4,000 441,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 18.3 10.0 43,000 7,000 9.7 1.5 1.884
Ohio 160,000 11,000 6,752,000 13,000 34,000 6,000 21.5 3.0 831,000 24,000 12.3 0.4 1.745
Oklahoma 81,000 7,000 2,264,000 10,000 17,000 3,000 21.0 3.5 339,000 16,000 15.0 0.7 1.402
Oregon 54,000 7,000 2,494,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 20.1 4.1 303,000 16,000 12.1 0.7 1.655
Pennsylvania 153,000 12,000 7,494,000 16,000 27,000 5,000 17.5 3.0 823,000 33,000 11.0 0.4 1.594
Rhode Island 11,000 2,000 661,000 3,000 3,000 1,000 25.2 10.6 58,000 7,000 8.8 1.1 2.855
South Carolina 68,000 6,000 3,052,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 16.3 3.8 389,000 20,000 12.8 0.7 1.275
South Dakota 12,000 3,000 510,000 5,000 2,000 1,200 15.0 7.0 60,000 7,000 11.8 1.5 1.269
Tennessee 106,000 8,000 4,148,000 10,000 20,000 3,000 18.8 2.9 513,000 19,000 12.4 0.5 1.517
Texas 402,000 16,000 17,994,000 20,000 66,000 6,000 16.5 1.3 2,158,000 50,000 12.0 0.3 1.373
Utah 37,000 6,000 2,014,000 7,000 3,000 2,000 9.1 3.4 185,000 14,000 9.2 0.7 0.989
Vermont 11,000 4,000 377,000 4,000 3,000 2,100 23.3 13.1 38,000 6,000 10.2 1.4 2.294
Virginia 97,000 8,000 5,060,000 14,000 14,000 4,000 14.7 3.0 478,000 20,000 9.5 0.4 1.551
Washington 117,000 9,000 4,617,000 13,000 18,000 4,000 15.1 3.5 446,000 22,000 9.7 0.5 1.560
West Virginia 33,000 5,000 981,000 6,000 9,000 2,000 26.3 5.8 164,000 10,000 16.7 1.1 1.573
Wisconsin 68,000 7,000 3,443,000 10,000 11,000 3,000 16.3 4.0 345,000 21,000 10.0 0.6 1.634
Wyoming 12,000 3,000 324,000 4,000 2,000 1,300 17.1 9.6 39,000 6,000 12.2 1.8 1.402
Puerto Rico 44,000 6,000 1,875,000 6,000 21,000 4,000 46.5 6.2 670,000 25,000 35.7 1.4 1.299
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with hearing disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without hearing disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.2). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 6.3 Poverty - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.3 Poverty - Civilians with and without Vision Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Vision Dis. No Vision Dis. Poverty - Vision Dis. Poverty - No Vision Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 4,270,000 62,000 195,372,000 73,000 1,091,000 30,000 25.6 0.6 21,883,000 158,000 11.2 0.1 2.281
Alabama 85,000 9,000 2,906,000 10,000 25,000 5,000 29.5 4.1 410,000 18,000 14.1 0.6 2.091
Alaska 9,000 3,000 421,000 7,000 2,000 2,000 27.1 14.2 47,000 7,000 11.0 1.6 2.455
Arizona 102,000 8,000 4,227,000 11,000 24,000 5,000 23.3 4.0 488,000 24,000 11.6 0.6 2.020
Arkansas 57,000 7,000 1,728,000 8,000 18,000 5,000 31.3 6.2 242,000 14,000 14.0 0.8 2.235
California 421,000 22,000 23,440,000 24,000 102,000 10,000 24.1 1.8 2,516,000 49,000 10.7 0.2 2.248
Colorado 65,000 7,000 3,579,000 10,000 15,000 4,000 23.0 4.6 305,000 16,000 8.5 0.5 2.694
Connecticut 39,000 5,000 2,142,000 7,000 11,000 3,000 27.3 6.5 195,000 16,000 9.1 0.7 3.003
Delaware 12,000 4,000 578,000 5,000 3,000 1,000 25.1 10.5 56,000 8,000 9.7 1.4 2.584
District of Columbia 9,000 3,000 447,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 27.7 11.6 52,000 9,000 11.7 1.9 2.370
Florida 245,000 14,000 12,851,000 19,000 49,000 5,000 20.0 2.0 1,422,000 41,000 11.1 0.3 1.810
Georgia 168,000 10,000 6,472,000 13,000 36,000 4,000 21.6 2.4 775,000 29,000 12.0 0.5 1.807
Hawaii 15,000 3,000 774,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 22.1 10.6 81,000 9,000 10.4 1.2 2.114
Idaho 23,000 5,000 1,117,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 25.3 7.3 104,000 10,000 9.3 0.9 2.705
Illinois 142,000 12,000 7,397,000 15,000 34,000 7,000 24.3 3.9 778,000 27,000 10.5 0.4 2.310
Indiana 91,000 9,000 3,956,000 10,000 21,000 4,000 22.6 3.5 451,000 17,000 11.4 0.4 1.983
Iowa 36,000 6,000 1,830,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 20.0 6.5 192,000 15,000 10.5 0.8 1.910
Kansas 39,000 5,000 1,650,000 7,000 9,000 2,000 23.1 6.2 181,000 14,000 11.0 0.8 2.105
Kentucky 87,000 7,000 2,569,000 10,000 31,000 5,000 35.3 4.2 392,000 19,000 15.2 0.8 2.318
Louisiana 94,000 9,000 2,549,000 10,000 34,000 6,000 36.3 4.8 434,000 18,000 17.0 0.7 2.133
Maine 18,000 4,000 808,000 5,000 6,000 3,000 32.8 11.2 76,000 9,000 9.4 1.1 3.482
Maryland 63,000 7,000 3,624,000 10,000 15,000 3,000 24.0 4.1 318,000 19,000 8.8 0.5 2.740
Massachusetts 67,000 8,000 4,273,000 9,000 15,000 4,000 22.9 4.6 393,000 20,000 9.2 0.5 2.497
Michigan 114,000 10,000 5,824,000 12,000 35,000 7,000 30.9 4.2 728,000 26,000 12.5 0.5 2.472
Minnesota 47,000 8,000 3,352,000 13,000 12,000 4,000 25.6 7.2 296,000 18,000 8.8 0.5 2.905
Mississippi 58,000 7,000 1,644,000 9,000 19,000 4,000 33.8 4.9 262,000 16,000 15.9 1.0 2.120
Missouri 84,000 7,000 3,551,000 11,000 23,000 4,000 26.8 4.2 388,000 20,000 10.9 0.6 2.449
Montana 12,000 3,000 644,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 25.8 11.0 75,000 8,000 11.7 1.2 2.208
Nebraska 25,000 4,000 1,117,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 24.3 6.5 108,000 11,000 9.7 0.9 2.518
Nevada 62,000 8,000 1,859,000 9,000 14,000 4,000 22.7 5.1 197,000 14,000 10.6 0.7 2.145
New Hampshire 15,000 3,000 842,000 5,000 2,000 2,000 16.7 10.2 53,000 8,000 6.3 0.9 2.657
New Jersey 104,000 9,000 5,478,000 10,000 20,000 4,000 19.3 3.0 452,000 21,000 8.3 0.4 2.337
New Mexico 42,000 6,000 1,167,000 8,000 15,000 4,000 35.8 7.8 183,000 13,000 15.7 1.1 2.281
New York 237,000 15,000 11,655,000 18,000 67,000 9,000 28.1 3.1 1,422,000 38,000 12.2 0.3 2.300
North Carolina 143,000 11,000 6,285,000 14,000 40,000 6,000 27.8 3.4 710,000 25,000 11.3 0.4 2.459
North Dakota 10,000 3,000 444,000 6,000 2,000 2,000 24.0 10.5 43,000 6,000 9.7 1.4 2.480
Ohio 142,000 11,000 6,771,000 13,000 38,000 6,000 26.6 3.3 828,000 23,000 12.2 0.4 2.172
Oklahoma 86,000 9,000 2,259,000 12,000 28,000 5,000 32.7 4.2 328,000 16,000 14.5 0.7 2.252
Oregon 47,000 5,000 2,502,000 7,000 12,000 3,000 26.1 5.4 302,000 17,000 12.1 0.7 2.166
Pennsylvania 161,000 12,000 7,486,000 15,000 44,000 8,000 27.4 3.8 805,000 32,000 10.8 0.5 2.546
Rhode Island 12,000 3,000 659,000 4,000 2,000 1,200 12.6 5.9 60,000 8,000 9.0 1.2 1.393
South Carolina 85,000 7,000 3,035,000 10,000 18,000 4,000 20.7 4.4 383,000 19,000 12.6 0.6 1.644
South Dakota 9,000 3,000 513,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 34.9 12.9 59,000 7,000 11.5 1.3 3.042
Tennessee 103,000 7,000 4,151,000 11,000 29,000 4,000 28.0 3.2 504,000 19,000 12.1 0.5 2.308
Texas 463,000 20,000 17,933,000 21,000 113,000 9,000 24.5 1.6 2,111,000 48,000 11.8 0.3 2.079
Utah 34,000 5,000 2,017,000 7,000 5,000 2,000 14.8 4.9 183,000 13,000 9.1 0.7 1.626
Vermont 6,000 3,000 382,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 37.4 15.3 39,000 6,000 10.1 1.5 3.696
Virginia 101,000 9,000 5,056,000 15,000 21,000 3,000 20.5 3.0 472,000 19,000 9.3 0.4 2.195
Washington 93,000 8,000 4,641,000 13,000 21,000 5,000 23.1 4.3 443,000 21,000 9.5 0.5 2.418
West Virginia 33,000 5,000 981,000 5,000 12,000 3,000 35.8 6.3 161,000 10,000 16.4 1.0 2.179
Wisconsin 50,000 7,000 3,461,000 9,000 14,000 4,000 29.0 6.4 341,000 21,000 9.9 0.6 2.945
Wyoming 8,000 2,000 328,000 4,000 2,000 1,300 21.3 11.7 40,000 6,000 12.1 1.8 1.753
Puerto Rico 111,000 8,000 1,808,000 8,000 54,000 6,000 48.9 3.7 637,000 25,000 35.2 1.4 1.389
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with vision disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without vision disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.3). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 6.4 Poverty - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.4 Poverty - Civilians with and without Cognitive Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Cognitive Dis. No Cognitive Dis. Poverty - Cognitive Dis. Poverty - No Cognitive Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 10,666,000 93,000 188,976,000 94,000 2,932,000 50,000 27.5 0.4 20,042,000 155,000 10.6 0.1 2.592
Alabama 192,000 12,000 2,799,000 14,000 55,000 6,000 28.5 2.4 380,000 18,000 13.6 0.7 2.097
Alaska 26,000 5,000 403,000 7,000 7,000 2,000 26.8 7.2 42,000 7,000 10.4 1.6 2.580
Arizona 239,000 15,000 4,090,000 15,000 64,000 7,000 26.6 2.6 449,000 23,000 11.0 0.6 2.430
Arkansas 138,000 11,000 1,646,000 12,000 39,000 6,000 28.5 3.2 220,000 14,000 13.4 0.9 2.137
California 1,025,000 25,000 22,836,000 26,000 270,000 13,000 26.3 1.0 2,348,000 49,000 10.3 0.2 2.560
Colorado 180,000 11,000 3,464,000 13,000 42,000 6,000 23.4 3.0 278,000 14,000 8.0 0.5 2.920
Connecticut 108,000 9,000 2,074,000 10,000 28,000 4,000 26.0 3.5 177,000 16,000 8.6 0.8 3.043
Delaware 33,000 5,000 557,000 6,000 6,000 3,000 19.9 6.9 52,000 8,000 9.4 1.4 2.112
District of Columbia 19,000 4,000 437,000 4,000 6,000 3,000 31.7 12.4 49,000 7,000 11.1 1.7 2.854
Florida 614,000 22,000 12,482,000 25,000 147,000 11,000 24.0 1.4 1,324,000 40,000 10.6 0.3 2.259
Georgia 344,000 14,000 6,296,000 14,000 77,000 7,000 22.4 1.8 735,000 28,000 11.7 0.5 1.916
Hawaii 43,000 5,000 746,000 7,000 14,000 3,000 33.3 5.9 70,000 8,000 9.4 1.1 3.562
Idaho 70,000 8,000 1,069,000 9,000 17,000 4,000 24.5 5.1 93,000 9,000 8.7 0.8 2.825
Illinois 353,000 14,000 7,187,000 16,000 100,000 8,000 28.2 2.0 713,000 27,000 9.9 0.4 2.848
Indiana 261,000 14,000 3,786,000 15,000 75,000 7,000 28.9 2.3 397,000 16,000 10.5 0.4 2.753
Iowa 110,000 11,000 1,757,000 12,000 30,000 6,000 27.4 4.5 169,000 15,000 9.6 0.9 2.844
Kansas 106,000 9,000 1,583,000 11,000 28,000 4,000 26.3 3.4 162,000 13,000 10.3 0.8 2.568
Kentucky 203,000 12,000 2,453,000 14,000 70,000 7,000 34.3 2.7 353,000 18,000 14.4 0.7 2.386
Louisiana 182,000 9,000 2,461,000 10,000 62,000 6,000 34.3 2.7 406,000 19,000 16.5 0.8 2.083
Maine 61,000 8,000 765,000 8,000 20,000 5,000 32.2 6.5 63,000 9,000 8.2 1.1 3.934
Maryland 168,000 11,000 3,519,000 11,000 45,000 6,000 27.0 2.8 287,000 18,000 8.2 0.5 3.313
Massachusetts 238,000 13,000 4,101,000 14,000 62,000 6,000 25.8 2.1 346,000 19,000 8.4 0.5 3.061
Michigan 371,000 17,000 5,566,000 18,000 116,000 10,000 31.2 2.2 648,000 25,000 11.6 0.5 2.678
Minnesota 183,000 14,000 3,215,000 15,000 51,000 7,000 27.7 3.0 257,000 16,000 8.0 0.5 3.469
Mississippi 118,000 10,000 1,584,000 10,000 39,000 6,000 33.2 3.8 242,000 16,000 15.3 1.0 2.166
Missouri 226,000 13,000 3,409,000 15,000 65,000 7,000 28.9 2.7 346,000 18,000 10.1 0.5 2.846
Montana 41,000 6,000 615,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 27.1 6.7 67,000 8,000 10.9 1.3 2.474
Nebraska 63,000 7,000 1,079,000 8,000 17,000 4,000 26.3 5.4 97,000 11,000 9.0 1.0 2.913
Nevada 100,000 9,000 1,821,000 9,000 25,000 4,000 25.1 3.8 186,000 13,000 10.2 0.7 2.452
New Hampshire 53,000 6,000 804,000 7,000 12,000 3,000 22.6 4.9 43,000 8,000 5.4 0.9 4.179
New Jersey 206,000 10,000 5,376,000 10,000 50,000 6,000 24.4 2.6 422,000 21,000 7.8 0.4 3.117
New Mexico 90,000 9,000 1,119,000 10,000 28,000 5,000 31.0 4.5 170,000 13,000 15.2 1.2 2.036
New York 551,000 17,000 11,342,000 18,000 176,000 12,000 31.9 1.8 1,313,000 37,000 11.6 0.3 2.754
North Carolina 343,000 16,000 6,085,000 18,000 93,000 8,000 27.0 1.9 657,000 25,000 10.8 0.4 2.498
North Dakota 24,000 5,000 430,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 25.6 7.6 39,000 6,000 9.1 1.4 2.808
Ohio 438,000 16,000 6,474,000 18,000 137,000 10,000 31.2 2.3 729,000 24,000 11.3 0.4 2.773
Oklahoma 168,000 11,000 2,176,000 14,000 52,000 6,000 30.9 3.0 304,000 16,000 14.0 0.7 2.207
Oregon 158,000 12,000 2,390,000 12,000 48,000 6,000 30.6 2.9 266,000 16,000 11.1 0.7 2.754
Pennsylvania 498,000 20,000 7,149,000 22,000 147,000 12,000 29.5 1.9 703,000 32,000 9.8 0.5 2.999
Rhode Island 44,000 6,000 628,000 6,000 12,000 3,000 28.5 5.3 49,000 7,000 7.7 1.1 3.675
South Carolina 171,000 11,000 2,949,000 12,000 43,000 5,000 25.2 2.5 357,000 19,000 12.1 0.6 2.084
South Dakota 26,000 6,000 495,000 6,000 10,000 3,000 37.1 7.4 52,000 7,000 10.5 1.4 3.532
Tennessee 237,000 11,000 4,017,000 12,000 67,000 7,000 28.1 2.2 466,000 19,000 11.6 0.5 2.419
Texas 861,000 24,000 17,535,000 27,000 213,000 14,000 24.8 1.4 2,011,000 45,000 11.5 0.3 2.160
Utah 111,000 8,000 1,940,000 9,000 23,000 4,000 20.8 3.2 165,000 13,000 8.5 0.7 2.446
Vermont 27,000 5,000 362,000 6,000 8,000 3,000 29.6 8.6 33,000 5,000 9.1 1.4 3.241
Virginia 262,000 14,000 4,895,000 17,000 58,000 7,000 22.1 2.3 435,000 19,000 8.9 0.4 2.488
Washington 300,000 15,000 4,434,000 18,000 74,000 7,000 24.6 2.0 390,000 20,000 8.8 0.5 2.800
West Virginia 84,000 9,000 930,000 9,000 33,000 5,000 39.2 5.0 140,000 10,000 15.0 1.0 2.609
Wisconsin 180,000 13,000 3,331,000 13,000 49,000 6,000 27.2 3.0 307,000 19,000 9.2 0.6 2.959
Wyoming 19,000 4,000 316,000 5,000 6,000 2,000 30.2 7.5 36,000 6,000 11.3 1.8 2.680
Puerto Rico 142,000 11,000 1,777,000 11,000 76,000 9,000 53.8 3.7 614,000 24,000 34.6 1.3 1.555
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with cognitive disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without cognitive disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.4). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 6.5 Poverty - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.5 Poverty - Civilians with and without Ambulatory Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Ambulatory Dis. No Ambulatory Dis. Poverty - Ambulatory Dis. Poverty - No Ambulatory Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 8,621,000 76,000 191,020,000 83,000 2,499,000 43,000 29.0 0.4 20,476,000 154,000 10.7 0.1 2.704
Alabama 202,000 13,000 2,788,000 15,000 57,000 7,000 27.9 2.7 378,000 18,000 13.6 0.7 2.060
Alaska 20,000 4,000 409,000 8,000 8,000 3,000 38.9 10.3 41,000 6,000 10.0 1.6 3.878
Arizona 186,000 9,000 4,143,000 11,000 49,000 7,000 26.6 3.2 463,000 22,000 11.2 0.6 2.386
Arkansas 124,000 9,000 1,661,000 10,000 42,000 5,000 34.0 3.4 217,000 14,000 13.1 0.8 2.601
California 810,000 19,000 23,051,000 24,000 211,000 10,000 26.0 1.1 2,407,000 49,000 10.4 0.3 2.493
Colorado 110,000 9,000 3,534,000 12,000 29,000 5,000 25.9 3.6 292,000 15,000 8.3 0.5 3.132
Connecticut 79,000 8,000 2,102,000 9,000 25,000 5,000 31.4 5.0 180,000 15,000 8.6 0.7 3.661
Delaware 25,000 5,000 564,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 22.4 6.9 53,000 7,000 9.5 1.3 2.374
District of Columbia 17,000 4,000 439,000 5,000 9,000 4,000 55.1 12.4 45,000 7,000 10.3 1.6 5.337
Florida 541,000 18,000 12,555,000 19,000 131,000 10,000 24.1 1.8 1,341,000 41,000 10.7 0.3 2.259
Georgia 318,000 16,000 6,321,000 16,000 80,000 8,000 25.1 2.0 732,000 28,000 11.6 0.5 2.166
Hawaii 31,000 4,000 758,000 6,000 9,000 3,000 27.5 6.9 76,000 9,000 10.0 1.1 2.752
Idaho 45,000 6,000 1,095,000 7,000 10,000 3,000 21.3 5.3 101,000 11,000 9.2 1.0 2.317
Illinois 303,000 16,000 7,237,000 16,000 92,000 9,000 30.3 2.2 721,000 26,000 10.0 0.4 3.041
Indiana 199,000 12,000 3,848,000 15,000 63,000 7,000 31.8 2.7 409,000 15,000 10.6 0.4 2.996
Iowa 72,000 7,000 1,794,000 8,000 18,000 3,000 24.7 4.2 181,000 14,000 10.1 0.8 2.447
Kansas 71,000 7,000 1,618,000 9,000 18,000 4,000 25.8 3.6 172,000 14,000 10.6 0.9 2.433
Kentucky 200,000 12,000 2,456,000 12,000 70,000 8,000 35.1 2.9 352,000 17,000 14.3 0.7 2.448
Louisiana 166,000 11,000 2,477,000 10,000 61,000 8,000 36.9 3.5 406,000 18,000 16.4 0.7 2.250
Maine 35,000 5,000 792,000 6,000 12,000 4,000 33.7 8.1 71,000 9,000 8.9 1.1 3.783
Maryland 133,000 9,000 3,554,000 12,000 37,000 5,000 28.1 3.1 295,000 18,000 8.3 0.5 3.380
Massachusetts 150,000 9,000 4,189,000 10,000 49,000 6,000 32.9 3.3 358,000 18,000 8.6 0.5 3.840
Michigan 294,000 13,000 5,644,000 14,000 101,000 9,000 34.4 2.6 663,000 24,000 11.7 0.5 2.928
Minnesota 103,000 10,000 3,295,000 14,000 30,000 5,000 29.0 3.9 278,000 17,000 8.4 0.5 3.437
Mississippi 121,000 10,000 1,581,000 10,000 40,000 6,000 33.1 3.1 242,000 16,000 15.3 0.9 2.165
Missouri 193,000 10,000 3,442,000 13,000 62,000 7,000 32.2 2.8 349,000 17,000 10.1 0.5 3.181
Montana 28,000 5,000 628,000 6,000 8,000 3,000 27.6 7.5 71,000 8,000 11.3 1.1 2.450
Nebraska 42,000 6,000 1,100,000 7,000 13,000 4,000 31.4 6.0 101,000 10,000 9.2 0.9 3.429
Nevada 93,000 8,000 1,828,000 9,000 24,000 4,000 25.9 4.2 187,000 14,000 10.2 0.8 2.527
New Hampshire 36,000 5,000 821,000 6,000 7,000 3,000 18.0 5.7 49,000 8,000 6.0 0.9 3.016
New Jersey 167,000 9,000 5,416,000 11,000 40,000 5,000 24.0 2.5 432,000 21,000 8.0 0.4 3.005
New Mexico 77,000 10,000 1,132,000 10,000 19,000 3,000 25.3 4.0 179,000 14,000 15.8 1.2 1.604
New York 501,000 19,000 11,392,000 21,000 171,000 14,000 34.2 2.2 1,317,000 34,000 11.6 0.3 2.956
North Carolina 306,000 13,000 6,121,000 15,000 89,000 8,000 28.9 2.4 661,000 24,000 10.8 0.4 2.678
North Dakota 16,000 3,000 439,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 34.7 9.5 40,000 6,000 9.1 1.4 3.815
Ohio 337,000 14,000 6,575,000 17,000 107,000 8,000 31.8 1.9 759,000 24,000 11.5 0.4 2.757
Oklahoma 154,000 9,000 2,190,000 12,000 48,000 5,000 31.0 2.9 308,000 16,000 14.1 0.7 2.202
Oregon 101,000 8,000 2,448,000 9,000 34,000 5,000 34.1 3.6 280,000 16,000 11.4 0.7 2.985
Pennsylvania 346,000 18,000 7,301,000 21,000 106,000 9,000 30.5 2.2 744,000 32,000 10.2 0.4 2.999
Rhode Island 25,000 4,000 647,000 5,000 7,000 2,000 27.2 7.5 54,000 7,000 8.4 1.1 3.245
South Carolina 175,000 10,000 2,945,000 12,000 50,000 6,000 28.4 3.3 351,000 18,000 11.9 0.6 2.386
South Dakota 19,000 4,000 503,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 32.0 7.8 56,000 8,000 11.1 1.6 2.877
Tennessee 223,000 10,000 4,031,000 11,000 63,000 7,000 28.5 2.5 469,000 18,000 11.6 0.5 2.445
Texas 730,000 22,000 17,666,000 26,000 186,000 13,000 25.5 1.4 2,038,000 48,000 11.5 0.3 2.214
Utah 63,000 7,000 1,988,000 7,000 12,000 4,000 19.7 4.7 176,000 13,000 8.8 0.7 2.229
Vermont 16,000 4,000 372,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 32.5 12.1 36,000 6,000 9.6 1.5 3.387
Virginia 205,000 10,000 4,952,000 15,000 53,000 6,000 26.0 2.2 439,000 19,000 8.9 0.4 2.927
Washington 184,000 11,000 4,550,000 15,000 51,000 6,000 27.9 2.8 413,000 21,000 9.1 0.5 3.077
West Virginia 80,000 9,000 934,000 9,000 31,000 5,000 38.8 4.5 142,000 10,000 15.2 1.0 2.557
Wisconsin 134,000 9,000 3,377,000 11,000 39,000 7,000 29.5 4.3 316,000 18,000 9.4 0.6 3.151
Wyoming 16,000 3,000 319,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 27.7 8.7 37,000 6,000 11.6 1.8 2.397
Puerto Rico 141,000 9,000 1,778,000 9,000 69,000 7,000 48.8 3.7 622,000 24,000 35.0 1.4 1.394
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with ambulatory disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without ambulatory disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.5). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 6.6 Poverty - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.6 Poverty - Civilians with and without Self-Care Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Self-Care Dis. No Self-Care Dis. Poverty - Self-Care Dis. Poverty - No Self-Care Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 3,328,000 40,000 196,314,000 55,000 1,080,000 27,000 32.5 0.7 21,894,000 164,000 11.2 0.1 2.910
Alabama 71,000 7,000 2,920,000 9,000 22,000 4,000 31.5 4.3 413,000 19,000 14.1 0.7 2.230
Alaska 7,000 2,000 423,000 7,000 4,000 2,000 55.7 14.4 45,000 7,000 10.6 1.6 5.242
Arizona 69,000 7,000 4,260,000 10,000 21,000 4,000 29.9 4.6 491,000 24,000 11.5 0.6 2.590
Arkansas 47,000 5,000 1,738,000 7,000 17,000 3,000 36.1 5.7 242,000 15,000 13.9 0.9 2.591
California 369,000 13,000 23,492,000 18,000 110,000 8,000 29.7 1.9 2,508,000 49,000 10.7 0.2 2.785
Colorado 41,000 5,000 3,603,000 8,000 11,000 3,000 26.4 5.2 310,000 16,000 8.6 0.4 3.074
Connecticut 29,000 5,000 2,152,000 6,000 10,000 3,000 36.3 7.1 195,000 16,000 9.1 0.7 4.006
Delaware 7,000 2,000 582,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 14.6 9.4 58,000 8,000 10.0 1.3 1.466
District of Columbia 4,000 2,000 452,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 49.7 17.5 53,000 9,000 11.6 1.9 4.270
Florida 195,000 11,000 12,901,000 15,000 51,000 6,000 26.2 2.5 1,420,000 41,000 11.0 0.3 2.380
Georgia 117,000 10,000 6,522,000 12,000 31,000 5,000 26.6 3.5 780,000 30,000 12.0 0.5 2.225
Hawaii 11,000 3,000 778,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 35.1 10.1 80,000 9,000 10.3 1.2 3.394
Idaho 17,000 3,000 1,123,000 5,000 4,000 2,000 23.6 8.9 106,000 10,000 9.4 1.0 2.496
Illinois 115,000 10,000 7,425,000 12,000 39,000 6,000 34.2 3.6 773,000 27,000 10.4 0.4 3.289
Indiana 79,000 8,000 3,968,000 11,000 27,000 4,000 34.1 4.2 445,000 16,000 11.2 0.4 3.043
Iowa 24,000 5,000 1,842,000 6,000 8,000 3,000 32.3 8.6 191,000 15,000 10.4 0.8 3.103
Kansas 27,000 5,000 1,662,000 8,000 8,000 2,000 30.7 6.3 182,000 14,000 10.9 0.9 2.802
Kentucky 73,000 6,000 2,583,000 9,000 26,000 4,000 36.0 4.6 396,000 18,000 15.3 0.7 2.348
Louisiana 56,000 5,000 2,587,000 8,000 22,000 4,000 38.5 4.9 446,000 19,000 17.3 0.8 2.234
Maine 15,000 4,000 812,000 5,000 6,000 3,000 43.9 12.7 76,000 9,000 9.3 1.2 4.696
Maryland 51,000 6,000 3,636,000 8,000 15,000 3,000 29.8 5.5 318,000 19,000 8.7 0.6 3.408
Massachusetts 65,000 7,000 4,275,000 8,000 24,000 4,000 37.0 4.4 384,000 20,000 9.0 0.5 4.119
Michigan 117,000 10,000 5,820,000 12,000 45,000 6,000 38.2 3.6 719,000 25,000 12.3 0.5 3.094
Minnesota 50,000 7,000 3,348,000 11,000 19,000 5,000 38.5 7.1 288,000 17,000 8.6 0.5 4.475
Mississippi 35,000 5,000 1,667,000 6,000 13,000 3,000 37.0 5.1 269,000 16,000 16.1 1.0 2.297
Missouri 74,000 8,000 3,561,000 10,000 30,000 5,000 40.5 5.1 381,000 19,000 10.7 0.5 3.787
Montana 11,000 3,000 645,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 30.6 12.0 75,000 8,000 11.6 1.2 2.628
Nebraska 15,000 4,000 1,128,000 6,000 7,000 3,000 49.7 10.1 107,000 10,000 9.5 0.9 5.241
Nevada 37,000 6,000 1,884,000 6,000 10,000 3,000 27.5 7.1 201,000 14,000 10.7 0.7 2.577
New Hampshire 14,000 3,000 843,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 24.4 8.2 52,000 8,000 6.2 0.9 3.959
New Jersey 73,000 7,000 5,509,000 9,000 21,000 4,000 28.2 3.2 451,000 22,000 8.2 0.4 3.438
New Mexico 25,000 4,000 1,184,000 7,000 8,000 2,000 32.7 7.4 190,000 14,000 16.1 1.2 2.036
New York 199,000 12,000 11,694,000 14,000 71,000 8,000 36.0 3.2 1,417,000 37,000 12.1 0.3 2.969
North Carolina 112,000 9,000 6,315,000 12,000 35,000 5,000 31.6 3.5 715,000 26,000 11.3 0.4 2.791
North Dakota 7,000 2,000 448,000 5,000 2,000 1,000 36.2 13.7 43,000 6,000 9.6 1.4 3.770
Ohio 126,000 9,000 6,786,000 12,000 45,000 7,000 36.0 4.2 820,000 25,000 12.1 0.4 2.981
Oklahoma 47,000 6,000 2,297,000 8,000 16,000 4,000 33.0 5.1 341,000 16,000 14.8 0.7 2.228
Oregon 46,000 5,000 2,502,000 7,000 18,000 3,000 38.4 5.6 296,000 16,000 11.8 0.7 3.244
Pennsylvania 142,000 10,000 7,505,000 14,000 54,000 6,000 38.1 3.6 795,000 33,000 10.6 0.4 3.593
Rhode Island 10,000 3,000 662,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 38.4 12.2 57,000 7,000 8.7 1.1 4.433
South Carolina 64,000 6,000 3,056,000 9,000 20,000 4,000 31.3 5.3 380,000 20,000 12.4 0.7 2.511
South Dakota 6,000 2,000 515,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 38.9 13.1 59,000 8,000 11.5 1.5 3.378
Tennessee 74,000 6,000 4,180,000 10,000 21,000 3,000 27.8 3.5 512,000 19,000 12.2 0.5 2.266
Texas 287,000 14,000 18,109,000 17,000 79,000 8,000 27.7 2.2 2,145,000 51,000 11.8 0.3 2.339
Utah 25,000 4,000 2,026,000 6,000 6,000 2,000 22.5 6.3 182,000 14,000 9.0 0.7 2.504
Vermont 7,000 3,000 382,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 50.0 16.4 38,000 6,000 9.9 1.5 5.057
Virginia 73,000 7,000 5,084,000 14,000 21,000 4,000 29.4 3.7 471,000 20,000 9.3 0.4 3.172
Washington 74,000 7,000 4,660,000 13,000 24,000 4,000 32.9 4.8 440,000 21,000 9.4 0.5 3.482
West Virginia 31,000 6,000 983,000 7,000 14,000 3,000 45.7 5.5 159,000 10,000 16.1 1.0 2.828
Wisconsin 55,000 6,000 3,456,000 10,000 18,000 4,000 33.5 5.6 337,000 20,000 9.8 0.6 3.429
Wyoming 5,000 2,000 331,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 22.0 11.5 40,000 6,000 12.2 1.8 1.800
Puerto Rico 57,000 6,000 1,862,000 6,000 31,000 5,000 54.1 5.6 660,000 25,000 35.4 1.4 1.525
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with self-care disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without self-care disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.6). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.

Table 6.7 Poverty - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023

Table 6.7 Poverty - Civilians with and without Independent Living Disabilities Ages 18 to 64 Years Living in the Community and Experiencing Poverty for the United States and States: 2023
State Ind. Living Dis. No Ind. Living Dis. Poverty - Ind. Living Dis. Poverty - No Ind. Living Dis. Relative Ratio
# ME# # ME# # ME# % ME% # ME# % ME%
U.S. 7,868,000 84,000 191,773,000 89,000 2,384,000 45,000 30.3 0.5 20,591,000 159,000 10.7 0.1 2.821
Alabama 160,000 10,000 2,831,000 12,000 49,000 6,000 30.5 3.1 386,000 17,000 13.6 0.7 2.237
Alaska 20,000 5,000 409,000 8,000 7,000 3,000 36.6 9.4 41,000 7,000 10.1 1.7 3.621
Arizona 173,000 11,000 4,156,000 12,000 49,000 6,000 28.1 2.6 464,000 23,000 11.2 0.6 2.520
Arkansas 104,000 9,000 1,680,000 10,000 33,000 5,000 31.5 3.1 226,000 15,000 13.5 0.8 2.338
California 793,000 23,000 23,068,000 24,000 215,000 12,000 27.2 1.1 2,402,000 49,000 10.4 0.2 2.610
Colorado 112,000 8,000 3,532,000 10,000 27,000 5,000 24.4 3.5 293,000 15,000 8.3 0.4 2.942
Connecticut 74,000 7,000 2,107,000 8,000 24,000 5,000 33.0 5.0 181,000 15,000 8.6 0.7 3.844
Delaware 23,000 3,000 567,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 23.0 7.6 54,000 7,000 9.5 1.3 2.423
District of Columbia 11,000 3,000 445,000 3,000 6,000 2,000 49.8 10.1 49,000 8,000 11.0 1.9 4.525
Florida 467,000 19,000 12,629,000 20,000 119,000 10,000 25.5 1.7 1,352,000 41,000 10.7 0.3 2.378
Georgia 259,000 13,000 6,381,000 13,000 64,000 8,000 24.9 2.3 747,000 29,000 11.7 0.5 2.123
Hawaii 31,000 4,000 758,000 6,000 11,000 3,000 34.7 6.1 73,000 9,000 9.7 1.1 3.583
Idaho 46,000 7,000 1,093,000 8,000 12,000 4,000 25.3 5.6 98,000 10,000 9.0 0.9 2.807
Illinois 269,000 15,000 7,270,000 16,000 88,000 8,000 32.7 2.3 725,000 27,000 10.0 0.4 3.277
Indiana 190,000 11,000 3,857,000 14,000 65,000 6,000 34.1 2.7 407,000 15,000 10.6 0.4 3.228
Iowa 71,000 7,000 1,795,000 9,000 23,000 4,000 32.2 4.7 176,000 15,000 9.8 0.8 3.276
Kansas 71,000 7,000 1,618,000 10,000 20,000 3,000 28.1 4.4 170,000 14,000 10.5 0.9 2.672
Kentucky 160,000 8,000 2,496,000 11,000 62,000 7,000 38.4 3.1 361,000 17,000 14.5 0.7 2.657
Louisiana 133,000 8,000 2,510,000 10,000 47,000 6,000 35.3 3.3 421,000 18,000 16.8 0.7 2.103
Maine 46,000 7,000 781,000 7,000 17,000 4,000 37.3 6.9 65,000 8,000 8.4 1.0 4.464
Maryland 118,000 8,000 3,569,000 10,000 36,000 5,000 30.3 3.4 297,000 18,000 8.3 0.5 3.644
Massachusetts 165,000 11,000 4,174,000 12,000 53,000 8,000 31.8 3.6 355,000 19,000 8.5 0.5 3.743
Michigan 280,000 13,000 5,657,000 15,000 94,000 8,000 33.6 2.5 669,000 25,000 11.8 0.5 2.837
Minnesota 121,000 9,000 3,277,000 12,000 39,000 6,000 32.0 4.1 269,000 17,000 8.2 0.5 3.896
Mississippi 81,000 8,000 1,621,000 8,000 28,000 5,000 34.2 4.3 254,000 17,000 15.7 1.0 2.183
Missouri 171,000 12,000 3,464,000 13,000 59,000 7,000 34.8 2.9 351,000 18,000 10.1 0.5 3.431
Montana 28,000 5,000 628,000 6,000 9,000 3,000 32.0 9.0 69,000 8,000 11.1 1.2 2.894
Nebraska 40,000 6,000 1,102,000 7,000 14,000 4,000 35.7 7.4 100,000 10,000 9.0 0.9 3.943
Nevada 80,000 7,000 1,841,000 8,000 20,000 4,000 25.1 4.1 191,000 13,000 10.4 0.7 2.413
New Hampshire 36,000 6,000 821,000 6,000 9,000 3,000 24.5 6.5 46,000 8,000 5.7 0.9 4.318
New Jersey 178,000 10,000 5,404,000 11,000 46,000 5,000 25.6 2.9 426,000 21,000 7.9 0.4 3.246
New Mexico 67,000 8,000 1,142,000 9,000 21,000 4,000 30.8 4.6 178,000 14,000 15.6 1.2 1.979
New York 449,000 18,000 11,443,000 20,000 156,000 12,000 34.7 2.2 1,332,000 35,000 11.6 0.3 2.983
North Carolina 247,000 14,000 6,180,000 16,000 71,000 7,000 28.8 2.4 679,000 25,000 11.0 0.4 2.622
North Dakota 16,000 3,000 439,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 31.5 8.1 40,000 6,000 9.2 1.4 3.422
Ohio 310,000 13,000 6,602,000 16,000 107,000 8,000 34.5 2.4 759,000 26,000 11.5 0.4 3.003
Oklahoma 125,000 9,000 2,219,000 12,000 41,000 5,000 32.8 2.9 315,000 16,000 14.2 0.7 2.306
Oregon 118,000 8,000 2,431,000 9,000 41,000 5,000 35.1 3.7 272,000 15,000 11.2 0.6 3.135
Pennsylvania 352,000 16,000 7,295,000 18,000 119,000 10,000 33.9 2.3 730,000 30,000 10.0 0.4 3.383
Rhode Island 28,000 5,000 644,000 5,000 10,000 3,000 36.1 7.8 51,000 7,000 7.9 1.1 4.558
South Carolina 137,000 10,000 2,982,000 11,000 40,000 6,000 29.3 3.4 360,000 19,000 12.1 0.6 2.426
South Dakota 17,000 4,000 504,000 6,000 5,000 2,000 31.1 8.3 56,000 8,000 11.2 1.5 2.779
Tennessee 181,000 10,000 4,073,000 13,000 52,000 5,000 28.4 2.5 481,000 19,000 11.8 0.5 2.409
Texas 624,000 21,000 17,772,000 24,000 165,000 12,000 26.5 1.5 2,059,000 48,000 11.6 0.3 2.286
Utah 75,000 7,000 1,976,000 8,000 18,000 4,000 23.7 4.7 170,000 13,000 8.6 0.7 2.751
Vermont 15,000 4,000 373,000 5,000 5,000 3,000 35.5 10.6 36,000 5,000 9.5 1.5 3.719
Virginia 189,000 11,000 4,969,000 16,000 51,000 5,000 27.3 2.2 441,000 20,000 8.9 0.4 3.070
Washington 199,000 13,000 4,534,000 16,000 57,000 6,000 28.6 2.6 407,000 21,000 9.0 0.5 3.191
West Virginia 71,000 8,000 944,000 8,000 29,000 5,000 41.6 4.5 144,000 10,000 15.2 1.0 2.733
Wisconsin 124,000 9,000 3,387,000 12,000 36,000 5,000 28.7 3.7 320,000 19,000 9.4 0.6 3.041
Wyoming 14,000 3,000 322,000 4,000 5,000 2,000 36.4 10.2 37,000 6,000 11.3 1.7 3.206
Puerto Rico 107,000 9,000 1,812,000 9,000 59,000 7,000 55.4 4.4 631,000 25,000 34.9 1.4 1.590
Notes: Authors’ calculations using the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample, (2023), which is subject to sampling variability. Slight differences in percentages may appear due to rounding when compared to populations. The margin of error (ME) is based on a 95% confidence level and is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error is in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. The relative ratio is the ratio of the percentage of people with independent living disability living in poverty over the percentage of people without independent living disability living in poverty. Therefore, a relative ratio further from 1.000 indicates a greater disparity in poverty percentage.
Citation: Thomas, N., Bach, S., & Houtenville, A. (2025). Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: 2025 (Table 6.7). Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.